IMPACTO DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO RODÍZIO DE TAREFAS: ANÁLISE DAS PERCEPÇÕES DE MELHORIA ERGONÔMICA, CONFORTO E SINTOMAS MUSCULOESQUELÉTICOS SOB A ÓTICA DA EXPERIÊNCIA DO TRABALHADOR
Impact of Job Rotation Implementation: Analysis of Perceptions of Ergonomic Improvement, Comfort, and Musculoskeletal Symptoms from the Perspective of Worker Experience
Impacto de la implementación de la rotación de puestos: Análisis de las percepciones de mejora ergonómica, comodidad y síntomas musculoesqueléticos desde la perspectiva de la experiencia del trabajador
Thiago Del Corona Lorenzi, Fernando Gonçalves Amaral
Resumo
O rodízio de tarefas é uma intervenção ergonômica aplicada em setores com atividades repetitivas para diversificar funções, reduzir sobrecargas físicas e aumentar a motivação. Este estudo objetivou comparar as percepções de melhoria ergonômica, conforto e sintomas musculoesqueléticos entre trabalhadores que vivenciaram a implementação do rodízio (grupo “experiente”) e aqueles que ingressaram após a consolidação do programa (grupo “inexperiente”). A pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória e descritiva utilizou questionários estruturados sobre percepção dos benefícios do rodízio de tarefas e o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Foram coletados dados sobre perfil demográfico, percepção dos benefícios do rodízio, intenção de recomendação e relatos de dor e desconforto corporal. As análises envolveram estatística descritiva e teste exato de Fisher para comparar respostas entre os grupos, realizadas no software R. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos operadores reconhece ganhos em multifuncionalidade, variedade de tarefas e conforto corporal, com associação significativa entre experiência e percepção positiva dos benefícios. Contudo, a intensidade média de dor musculoesquelética permaneceu moderada em ambas as categorias, sem diferença estatística. Esses achados sugerem que, embora o rodízio eleve satisfação e motivação, aplicados de forma isolada não basta para reduzir sintomas osteomusculares. Contribui-se com a evidência de que programas integrados—com treinamentos contínuos, readequação ergonômica dos postos e gestão da carga de trabalho—são essenciais para eficácia plena. Futuras pesquisas devem adotar preferencialmente um desenho longitudinal e incluir indicadores de produtividade, absenteísmo e qualidade de vida para avaliar os efeitos pré e pós-implementação.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Job rotation is an ergonomic intervention applied in sectors with repetitive activities to diversify functions, reduce physical overload, and increase motivation. This study aimed to compare the perceptions of ergonomic improvement, comfort, and musculoskeletal symptoms between workers who experienced the implementation of job rotation (the "experienced" group) and those who joined after the program was consolidated (the "inexperienced" group). The quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive research used structured questionnaires on the perception of the benefits of job rotation and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data were collected on demographic profile, perception of the benefits of job rotation, intention to recommend, and reports of pain and bodily discomfort. The analyses involved descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test to compare responses between groups, performed using R software. The results indicated that most operators recognize gains in multifunctionality, task variety, and bodily comfort, with a significant association between experience and positive perception of benefits. However, the average intensity of musculoskeletal pain remained moderate in both categories, with no statistical difference. These findings suggest that, although job rotation increases satisfaction and motivation, when applied in isolation it is not sufficient to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms. This contributes to the evidence that integrated programs—with continuous training, ergonomic redesign of workstations, and workload management—are essential for full effectiveness. Future research should preferably adopt a longitudinal design and include indicators of productivity, absenteeism, and quality of life to evaluate the pre- and post-implementation effects.
Keywords
Resumen
La rotación de puestos es una intervención ergonómica aplicada en sectores con actividades repetitivas para diversificar funciones, reducir la sobrecarga física y aumentar la motivación. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar las percepciones de mejora ergonómica, comodidad y síntomas musculoesqueléticos entre trabajadores que experimentaron la implementación de la rotación de puestos (el grupo "experimentado") y aquellos que se unieron después de que el programa se consolidó (el grupo "inexperto"). La investigación cuantitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva utilizó cuestionarios estructurados sobre la percepción de los beneficios de la rotación de puestos y el Cuestionario Nórdico Musculoesquelético. Se recopilaron datos sobre el perfil demográfico, la percepción de los beneficios de la rotación de puestos, la intención de recomendarla y los informes de dolor y malestar corporal. Los análisis incluyeron estadística descriptiva y la prueba exacta de Fisher para comparar las respuestas entre grupos, realizada utilizando el software R. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los operadores reconocen ganancias en multifuncionalidad, variedad de tareas y comodidad corporal, con una asociación significativa entre la experiencia y la percepción positiva de los beneficios. Sin embargo, la intensidad promedio del dolor musculoesquelético se mantuvo moderada en ambas categorías, sin diferencia estadística. Estos hallazgos sugieren que, si bien la rotación de puestos aumenta la satisfacción y la motivación, aplicada de forma aislada no es suficiente para reducir los síntomas musculoesqueléticos. Esto refuerza la evidencia de que los programas integrados —con formación continua, rediseño ergonómico de los puestos de trabajo y gestión de la carga laboral— son esenciales para lograr una eficacia plena. Se recomienda que las futuras investigaciones adopten un diseño longitudinal e incluyan indicadores de productividad, absentismo y calidad de vida para evaluar los efectos antes y después de la implementación.
Palabras clave
Referências
Anzanello, M. J., & Fogliatto, F. S. (2011). Selecting the best clustering variables for grouping mass-customized products involving workers learning. International Journal of Production Economics, 130(2), 268–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.01.009
Asensio-Cuesta, S., Diego-Mas, J. A., Canós-Darós, L., & Andrés-Romano, C. (2012). A genetic algorithm for the design of job rotation schedules considering ergonomic and competence criteria. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 60(9–12), 1161–1174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3672-0
Asensio-Cuesta, S., Diego-Mas, J. A., Cremades-Oliver, L. V., & González-Cruz, M. C. (2012). A method to design job rotation schedules to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders in repetitive work. International Journal of Production Research, 50(24), 7467–7478. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.653452
Azizi, N., Zolfaghari, S., & Liang, M. (2010). Modeling job rotation in manufacturing systems: The study of employee’s boredom and skill variations. International Journal of Production Economics, 123(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.07.010
Björkman, T. (1996). The rationalization movement in perspective and some ergonomic implications. Applied Ergonomics, 27(2), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(95)00065-8
Comper, M. L. C., Dennerlein, J. T., Evangelista, G. dos S., Rodrigues da Silva, P., & Padula, R. S. (2017). Effectiveness of job rotation for preventing work-related musculoskeletal diseases: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 74(8), 543.1-544. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-104077
Comper, M. L. C., & Padula, R. S. (2014). The effectiveness of job rotation to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders: protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15(1), 170. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-15-170
Dias, N. F., Tirloni, A. S., dos Reis, D. C., & Moro, A. R. P. (2020). Risk of slaughterhouse workers developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders in different organizational working conditions. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 76, 102929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2020.102929
Dias, N., Tirloni, A., Reis, D., & Moro, A. (2019). Effect of Job Rotation on the Risk of Developing Ul-WMSDS in Poultry Slaughterhouse Workers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0843
Goggins, R. W., Spielholz, P., & Nothstein, G. L. (2008). Estimating the effectiveness of ergonomics interventions through case studies: Implications for predictive cost-benefit analysis. Journal of Safety Research, 39(3), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2007.12.006
Guimarães, L. B. de M., Anzanello, M. J., & Renner, J. S. (2012). A learning curve-based method to implement multifunctional work teams in the Brazilian footwear sector. Applied Ergonomics, 43(3), 541–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2011.08.008
Guimarães, L. B. de M., Anzanello, M. J., Ribeiro, J. L. D., & Saurin, T. A. (2015). Participatory ergonomics intervention for improving human and production outcomes of a Brazilian furniture company. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 49, 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2015.02.002
James, C., Bezzina, A., & Rahman, M. M. (2021). Task rotation in an underground coal mine: Implications on injury and musculoskeletal discomfort. Applied Ergonomics, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APERGO.2021.103388
Jin, X., Dong, Y., Yang, L., Huang, W., Cao, L., Zhang, Z., & He, L. (2025). Ergonomic interventions to improve musculoskeletal disorders among vehicle assembly workers: a one-year longitudinal study. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-025-21798-1
Jones, O. F., & James, C. L. (2018). Task rotation in an underground coal mine: A pilot study. Work, 59(2), 285–294. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-172669
Karsh, B.-T., Moro, F. B. P., & Smith, M. J. (2001). The efficacy of workplace ergonomic interventions to control musculoskeletal disorders: A critical analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2(1), 23–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639220152644533
Kuijer, P. P. F. M., Visser, B., & Kemper, H. C. G. (1999). Job rotation as a factor in reducing physical workload at a refuse collecting department. Ergonomics, 42(9), 1167–1178. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401399185054
Kuorinka, I., Jonsson, B., Kilbom, A., Vinterberg, H., Biering-Sørensen, F., Andersson, G., & Jørgensen, K. (1987). Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied Ergonomics, 18(3), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-X,
Leider, P. C., Boschman, J. S., Frings-Dresen, M. H. W., & van der Molen, H. F. (2015). When is job rotation perceived useful and easy to use to prevent work-related musculoskeletal complaints? Applied Ergonomics, 51, 205–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2015.05.004
Morlock, F., Kreggenfeld, N., Louw, L., Kreimeier, D., & Kuhlenkötter, B. (2017). Teaching Methods-Time Measurement (MTM) for Workplace Design in Learning Factories. Procedia Manufacturing, 9, 369–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.04.033
Mossa, G., Boenzi, F., Digiesi, S., Mummolo, G., & Romano, V. A. (2016). Productivity and ergonomic risk in human based production systems: A job-rotation scheduling model. International Journal of Production Economics, 171, 471–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.06.017
Otto, A., & Scholl, A. (2011). Incorporating ergonomic risks into assembly line balancing. European Journal of Operational Research, 212(2), 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2011.01.056
Otto, A., & Scholl, A. (2013). Reducing ergonomic risks by job rotation scheduling. OR Spectrum, 35(3), 711–733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-012-0291-6
Padula, R. S., Comper, M. L. C., Sparer, E. H., & Dennerlein, J. T. (2017). Job rotation designed to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and control risk in manufacturing industries: A systematic review. In Applied Ergonomics (Vol. 58, pp. 386–397). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.07.018
Saavedra Robinson, L. A. (2022). Ergonomic assessment of repetitive work time as a key parameter for job rotation schedules. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHFE.2022.10051074
Tirloni, A. S., dos Reis, D. C., dos Santos, J. B., Reis, P. F., Barbosa, A., & Moro, A. R. P. (2012). Body discomfort in poultry slaughterhouse workers. Work, 41, 2420–2425. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2012-0651-2420
Tirloni, A. S., dos Reis, D. C., & Moro, A. R. P. (2021). Worker Satisfaction of Job Rotations in Brazilian Poultry Slaughterhouses: A Cross-Sectional Study. In Advances in Physical, Social & Occupational Ergonomics (AHFE 2021) (Conference paper, pp. 331–337). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80713-9_42
Törnström, L., Amprazis, J., Christmansson, M., & Eklund, J. (2008). A corporate workplace model for ergonomic assessments and improvements. Applied Ergonomics, 39(2), 219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2007.05.006
Tsai, C. (2016). Boredom at Work and Job Monotony: An Exploratory Case Study within the Catering Sector. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 27(2), 207–236. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21249
Submetido em:
01/12/2025
Revisado em:
04/03/2026
Aceito em:
14/04/0006
