Sibilância recorrente em lactentes no primeiro ano de vida em Belém (Pará, Brasil): prevalência e fatores de risco associados
Recurrent wheezing in infants in the first year of life in Belém (Pará, Brazil): prevalence and associated risk factors
Elaine Xavier Prestes, Javier Mallol, Dirceu Solé
Resumo
Objetivo: determinar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para sibilância recorrente em lactentes no primeiro ano de vida em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal que utilizou o questionário escrito do Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactentes (EISL) para pais de lactentes de 12 a 15 meses, nas Unidades de Saúde de Belém, por ocasião de vacinação, entremaioeagosto de 2006. Utilizou-se o Teste t de Student na comparação de médias numéricas e estimação da razão de chances (RC), com intervalo de confiança 95%, e ajuste de modelo de regressão logística para avaliar fatores de risco ou proteção com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: 3.024 crianças participaram do estudo. A prevalência de sibilância recorrente nesses lactentes foi de 21,9%. Os fatores de risco para sibilância recorrente no primeiro ano de vida foram: gênero masculino, infecção de vias aéreas, infecção de vias aéreas antes de cinco meses de idade, raça negra, exposição à poluição atmosférica, história familiar de asma e rinite, dermatite atópica pessoal. Ter o calendário vacinal atualizado e ter seis meses de idade ou mais na primeira infecção foram fatores de proteção. Conclusão: a prevalência de sibilância recorrente é elevada em Belém e seus fatores de risco estão ligados a genética e fatores ambientais. Prevenir infecção de vias aéreas em lactente jovem e controlara poluição ambiental pode minimizar a doença sibilante.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Purpose: To identify the prevalence and risk factors for recurrent wheezing in infants fromBelém, Pará, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study that used the written questionnaire EstudioInternational de Sibilancias en Lactentes (EISL) for parents of infants 12 to15 month-old, in the Health Units of Belém at the time of vaccination between May and August 2006. The Student t test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables, estimation of Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval and adjustmentof logistic regression model to evaluate risk factors with a significance level of 5% were done. Results: 3,024 children participated in the study. The prevalence of recurrent wheezing in these infants was 21.9%. Risk factors associated with recurrent wheezing were male sex, respiratory infections, especially under five months-old, rhinitis and asthma in the family, atopic dermatitis, living in a polluted area, and blackrace. Immunization schedule completeand respiratory infections after six months-old were protective factor. Conclusion: The prevalence of recurrent wheezing is higher in Belém and some of its known risk factors may help to promote preventive measures applicable to wheezing.
Keywords
Referências
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