Effects of aerobic exercise training in animal models of hypertension.
Palma, Renata Kelly da; Malfitano, Christiane; Shimojo, Guilherme Lemos; Sanches, Iris Callado; Angelis, Kátia De
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death due to stroke, heart attack and kidney failure. The understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in its development and maintenance is critical to potential therapeutic interventions. Thus, animal models of hypertension have been used in the study of this disease for many years. Objective: To investigated the effects of dynamic aerobic exercise training as a non- pharmacological approach for the management of hypertension in animal models. Method/Design: This study is a literature review conducted in the Medline database. Results: The results demonstrated that aerobic exercise training may reduce blood pressure in different rat models of hypertension. Conclusions: The dynamic aerobic exercise can reduced blood pressure in different animal models of hypertension by mechanisms that involving neurohumoral changes, reinforcing the important role of this approach in the treatment of hypertension and its associated disorders.
Keywords
References
1- Almeida FF, Barreto SM, Couto BR, Starling CE. Predictive factors of in-hospital mortality and of severe perioperative complications in myocardial revascularization surgery. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 2003;80(1):51-60.
2- Lima e Costa MFF, Guerra HL, Barreto SM, Guimarães RM. Diagnóstico da situação de saúde da população idosa brasileira: um estudo da mortalidade e das internações hospitalares públicas. Informe Epidemiológico do SUS. 2000;9(1):23-41.
3- Neto GB, Silva EN. Os custos da Doença Cardiovascular no Brasil: um breve comentário econômico. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;91(4):217-18.
4- Fazan RJR, Dias Da Silva VJ, Salgado HC. Modelos de hipertensão arterial. Rev. Bras. Hipertens.2001;8:19-29.
5- Okamoto K, Aoki K. Development of a strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jpn. Circ. J. 1963;27:282-93.
6- Zicha J, Kunes J. Ontogenetic aspects of hypertension development: analysis in the rat. Physiol. Rev. 1999;79(4):1227-82.
7- Trippodo NC, Frohlic ED. Similarities of genetic spontaneous hypertension. Circ. Res.1981;48(3):309-19.
8- Sharma RV, Tomanek RJ, Bhalla RC. Effect of swimming training on cardiac function and myosin ATPase activity in SHR. J. Appl. Physiol. 1985;59(3):758-65.
9- Smith TL, Hutvhins PM. Central hemodynamics in the developmental stage of spontaneous hypertension in the unanesthetized rat. Hypertension. 1979;1(5):508-17.
10- Engelmann GL, Vitullo JC, Gerrity RG. Morphometric analysis of cardiac hypertrophy during development, maturation, and senescence in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circ. Res. 1987;60(4):487-94.
11- Adams MA, Bobik A, Korner PI. Differential development of vascular and cardiac hypertrophy in genetic Hypertension: relation to sympathetic function. Hypertension. 1989;14(2):191-202.
12- Cicogna AC, Robinson KG, Conrad CH, Squire R, Okoshi MP, Bing OH. Participação do estado contrátil e do relaxamento miocárdico na disfunção ventricular durante a transição hipertrofia-falência cardíaca. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 1997;69(6):381-84.
13- Lundin S, Ricksten SE, Thorén P. Renal sympathetic activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive controls, as studied by three different methods. Acta. Physiol. Scand. 1984;120(2):256-72.
14- Schelling P, Meyer D, Loos HE, Speck G, Phillips MI, Johnson AK, et al. A micro method for the measurement of renin in brain nuclei: its application in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neuropharmacology. 1982;21(5):455-63.
15- Evenwel R, Struyker- Boudier H. Effect of physical training on the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Pflugers. Arch. 1979;381(1):19-24.
16- Tipton CM, Mathes RD, Marcus KD, Rowlett KA, Leininger JR. Influences of exercise intensity, age, and medication on resting systolic blood pressure of SHR populations. J .Appl. Physiol. 1983;55(4):1305-10.
17- Friberg P, Hoffmann P, Nordlander M, Thoren P. Effects of voluntary physical exercise on cardiac function energetics in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta. Physiol. Scand. 1988;133(4):495-500.
18- Bennett CH, Kotchen TA. Cardiovascular responses to alpha adrenergic agents in chronically – exercised spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 1989;11(8):1607-25.
19- Gava NS, Véras-Silva AS, Negrão CE, Krieger EM. Low-intensity exercise training attenuates cardiac beta-adrenergic tone during exercise in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1995;26 6 pt 2):1129-33.
20- Véras-Silva AS, Mattos KC, Gava NS, Brum PC, Negrão CE, Krieger EM. Low-intensity exercise training decreases cardiac output and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1997;273:2627-31.
21- Ikeda T, Gomi T, Sasaki Y. Effects of swim training on blood pressure, catecholamine anda prostaglandins in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Jpn. Herart. j. 1994;35(2):205-11.
22- Silva GJ, Brum PC, Negrãao C.E, Krieger EM. Acute and chronic effects of exercise on baroreflexes in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1997;30:714-9.
23- Brum PC, Da Silva GJ, Moreira ED, Ida F, Negrão CE, Kreiger EM. Exercise training increases baroreceptor gain sensitivity in normal and hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 2000;36(6):1018-22.
24- Bertagnolli M, Campos C, Sschenkel PC, De Oliveira VL, De Angelis K, Bellò-Klein A, et al. Baroreflex sensitivity improvement is associated with decreased oxidative stress in trained spontaneously hypertensive rat. J. Hypertens. 2006;24(12):2437-43.
25- Garcia-Pinto AB, De Matos VS, Rocha V, Moraes-Teixeira J, Carvalho JJ. Low-Intensity physical activity beneficially alters the ultrastructural renal morphology of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clinics. 2011;66(5):855-63.
26- Neto OB, Abate DT, Junior MM, Mota GR, Osatti FL, Silva RC, et al. Exercise Training Improves Cardiovascular Autonomic Activity and Attenuates Renal Damage in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2013;12:52-59.
27- Felix JV, Michelini LC. Training-induced pressure fall in spontaneously hypertensive rats is associated with reduced angiotensinogen, mRNA expression within the nucleus tractus solitarii. Hypertension. 2007;50(4):780-5.
28- Hägg U, Andersson H, Naylor AS, Grönros J, Jonsdottir IH, Bergström G, et al. Voluntary physical exercise-induced vascular effects is spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin. Sci. 2004;107(6):571-81.
29- Caetano AL, Viel TA, Bittencourt MF, Araujo MS, De Angelis K, Buck HS. Change in central kinin B2 receptor density after exercise training in rats. Auton. Neurosci. 2010;158:71-8.
30- Ceroni A, Chaar LJ, Bombein RL, Michelini LC. Chronic absence of baroreceptor inputs prevents training-induced cardiovascular adjustments in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Exp. Physiol. 2009;94(6):630-40.
31- Moraes-Silva IC, De La Fuente RN, Mostarda C, Rosa K, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Caldini EG, De Angelis K, et al. Baroreflex deficit blunts exercise training-induced cardiovascular and autonomic adaptations in hypertensive rats. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2009;37(3):114-20.
32- Zamo FS, Barauna VG, Chiavegatto S, Irigoyen MC, Oliveira EM. The renin–angiotensin system is modulated by swimming training depending on the age of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci. 2011;89:93-9.
33- Fernandes T, Magalhães FC, Roque FR, Phillips MI, Oliveira E.M. Exercise Training prevents the microvascular rarefaction in hypertension balancing angiogenic and apoptotic factors role of microRNAs-16, -21, and -126. Hypertension. 2012;59(2):513-20.
34- Filho AG, Ferreira AJ, Santos SH, Neves SR, Silva Camargos ER, Becher LK, et al. Selective increase of angiotensin(1–7) and its receptor in hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to physical training. Exp Physiol. 2008;93:589–598.
35- Bertagnolli M, Casali KR, De Souza FB, Rigatto K, Becker L, Santos SH, et al. An orally active angiotensin-(1-7) inclusion compound and exercise training produce similar cardiovascular effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Peptides. 2014;51:65-73.
36- Coimbra R, Sanchez LS, Potenza JM, Rossini LV, Amaral SL, Michelini LC. Is Gender Crucial for Cardiovascular Adjustments Induced by Exercise Training in Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertension. 2008;52(3):514-21.
37- Sanches IC, De Oliveira Brito J, Candido GO, Da Silva Dias D, Jorgue L, Irigoyen MC, et al. Cardiometabolic benefits of exercise training in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome and menopause. Menopause. 2012;19(5):562-8.
38- Okamoto K, Yamori Y, Nagoaka A. Establishment of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR). Circ. Res. 1974;35:143-153.
39- Lütgemeier L, Luft FC, Gantem U, Lang RE, Gless KH, Gantem D. Blood pressure, electrolyte and adrenal responses in swim-trained hypertensive. J. Hypertens. 1987;5(2):241-7.
40- Song YJ, Sawamura M, Ikeda K, Igawa S, Nara Y, Yamori Y. Training in swimming reduces blood pressure and increases muscle glucose transport activity as well as GLUT4 contenes in stroke-prone sponteously hypertensive rats. Appl. Human. Sci. 1998;17(6):275-80.
41- Dahl LK, Heine M, Tassinari L. Role of genetic factores in susceptibility to experimental hypertension due to chronic excess salt ingestion. Nature;194:480-2.
42- Shepherd RE, Kuehne ML, Kenno KA, Durstine J.L, Balon TW, Rapp J.P. Attenuation of blood pressure increases in Dahl salt- sensitive rats by exercise. J. Appl. Physiol;52(6):1608-13.
43- Squire JM, Myers MM, Fried R. Cardiovascular responses to exercise and stress in the borderline hypertensive rat. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1987;19(1):11-6.
44- Sanders BJ, Lawler JE. The borderline hypertensive rat (BHR) as a model for environmentally- induced hypertension: a review and update. Neurosci. Biobehav rev. 1992;16(2):207-17.
45- Fuchs LC, Hoque AM, Clarke NL. Vascular and hemodynamic effects of behavioral stress in borderline hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1998;274:375-82.
46- Cox RH, Hubbard JW, Lawler JE, Sanders BJ. Exercise Training Attenuates Stress- Induced Hypertension in the Rat. Hypertension. 1985;7(5):747-51.
47- Lütgemeier L, Luft FC, Gantem U, Lang RE, Gless KH, Gantem D. Blood pressure, electrolyte and adrenal responses in swim-trained hypertensive. J. Hypertens. 1987;5(2):241-7.
48- Squire JM, Myers MM, Fried R. Cardiovascular responses to exercise and stress in the borderline hypertensive rat. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1987;19(1):11-6.
49- Melby CJ, Sandres BJ, Johnson AK. The effects of exercise training on salt-induced hypertension in the borderline hypertensive rat. Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 1991;13(5):865-72.
50- Lawler JE, Zheng G, Li S, Wang CH, Edgemon IP. Norepinerphire levels in discrete brain nuclei in borderline hypertensive rats exposed to compound stressors. Brain Res Bull. 1996;41(2):87-92..
51- Voiculescu A, Hofer M, Hetzel GR, Malms J, Mödder U, Grabensee B, et al. Noninvasive investigation for renal artery stenosis: contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and color dopplersonography as compared to digital subtraction angiography. Clin. Exper. Hypertens. 2001;23(7):521-31.
52- Goldblatt H, Lynch J, Hanzai RF, Summerville WW. The production of persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure by means of renal ischemia. J Exp. Med. 1934;59(3):347-79.
53- Rodrigues MC, Campagnole-Santos M.J, Machado RP, Silva ME, Rocha JL, Ferreira PM, et al. Evidence for a role of AT(2) receptors at the CVLM in the cardiovascular changes induced by low-intensity physical activity in renovascular hypertensive rats. Peptides. 2007;28(7):1375-82.
54- Soares ER, Lima WG, Machado RP, Carneiro CM, Silva ME, Rodrigues MC, et al. Cardiac and renal effects induced by different exercise workloads in renovascular hypertensive rats. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 2011; 44(6):573-82. 55- Marcus KD, Tipton CM. Exercise training and its effects with renal hypertensive rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 1985;59(5):1410-5.
56- Rakusan K, Wicker P, Abdul-Samad M, Healy B, Turek Z. Failure of swimming exercise to improve capillarization in cardiac hypertrophy of renal hypertensive rats. Circ. Res. 1987;61(5):641-7.
57- Boissier J, Eder V, Machet MC, Courteix D, Bonnet P. Moderate exercise training does not worsen left ventricle remodeling and function in untreated severe hypertensive rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 2008;104(2):321-7.
58- Shah A, Oh YB, Lee SH, Lim JM, Kim SH. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates hypertension in exercise-trained renal hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012;1;302(11):H2372-80.
59- Ferrario CM, Varagic J, Habibi J, Nagata S, Kato J, Chappell MC, et al. Differential regulation of angiotensin-(1-12) in plasma and cardiac tissue in response to bilateral nephrectomy. Am. J. Physiology. –Heart C. 2009;296: H184-H192.
60- Lendingham JM, Pelling D. Hemodynamic and others studies in the renoprival hypertensive rat. J. Physiol. 1970;210(1):233-52.
61- Kohzuki M, Kamimoto M, Wu XM, Xu HL, Kawamura T, Mori N, et al. Renal protective effects of chronic exercise and antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive rats with chronic renal failure. J. Hypertens. 2001;19(10):1877-82.
62- Adams GR, Zhan CD, Haddad F, Vaziriri ND. Voluntary exercise during chronic renal failure in rats .Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2005;37(4):557-62.
63- Shelkovnikov S, Summers SM, Elahimehr R, Adams G, Purdy RE, Vaziri ND. Effect of Exercise Training on Aortic Tone in Chronic Renal insufficiency. Am. J. Hypertens. 2008;21(5):564-9.
64- Bai Y, Sigala W, Adams GR, Vaziri ND. Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Tissue Oxidative and Inflammatory Mediators in Chronic Kidney Disease. J. Am. J. Nephrol. 2009;29(3):231- 21.
65- Ribeiro MO, Antunes E, De Nucci G, Lovisolo SM, Zatz R. Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis: a new model of arterial hypertension. Hypertension. 1992;20(3):298-303.
66- Baylis C, Mitruka B, Deng A. Cronic blockade of nitric oxide synthesis in the rat produces systemic hypertension and glomerular damage. J. Clin. Invest. 1992;90(1):278-81.
67- Kassab S, Miller MT, Hester R, Novak J, Granger J.P. Systemic hemo-dynamics and regional blood flow during chronic nitric oxides synthesis inhibition in pregnant rats. Hypertension. 1998;31:315-20.
68- Souza HCD, Ballejo G, Salgado MC, Da Silva VJ, Salgado HC. Cardiac sympathetic overactivity and decreased baroreflex sensitivity in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol.2001;280(2):844-50.
69- Biancardi VC, Bergamaschi CT, Lopes OU, Campos RR. Sympathetic activation in rats with L-Name- induced hypertension . Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 2007;40(3):401-8.
70- De Angelis K, Gadonski G, Fang J, Dall’ago P, Albuquerque VL, Peixoto LRA, et al. Exercise reverses peripheral insulin resistance in trained L-NAME- hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 1999;34(2):768-72.
71- Kuru O, Sentürk UK, Demir N, Yesilkaya A, Erqüler G, Erkiliç M. Effect of exercise on blood pressure in rats with chronic NOS inhibition. J. Appl. Physiol. 2002;87(2):134-40.
72- Kuru O, Senturk UK, Koçer G, Ozdem S, Baskurt OK, Cetin A, et al. Effect of exercise training on resistance arteries in rats with chronic NOS inhibition. J. Appl. Physiol. 2009;107(3):896-902.
73- Husain K. Interaction of exercise training and cronic NOS inhibition on blood pressure , heart rate, NO and antioxidants in plasma of rats. Pathophysiology. 2003;10(1):47-56.
74- Cardoso AM, Martins CC, Fiorin Fda S, Schmatz R, Abdalla FH, et al. Physical training prevents oxidative stress in L-NAME-induced hypertension rats. Cell Biochem Funct. 2013;31(2):136-51.
75- Rossi BR, Mazer D, Silveira LC, Jacinto CP, Di Sacco TH, Blanco JH, Cesarino EJ, Souza HC. Physical Exercise Attenuates the Cardiac Autonomic Deficit Induced by Nitric Oxide Synthesis Blockade. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2009;92(1):31-8.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email