iDental
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/idental/article/5f9072810e882589741ddb37
iDental
Revisión de literatura

Dolor neuropático: buscando respuestas en la evidencia científica 

Neuropathic pain: the evidence behind the facts 

Mariela Padilla, Yoshizo Matsuka

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Resumen

El dolor como condición patológica se comporta de forma distinta al dolor agudo o secundario, con la activación de una serie de eventos fisiológicos y conductuales que lo convierten en un reto para el clínico. En el caso del dolor neuropático, existe evidencia de la presencia de alteraciones estructurales o funcionales en el sistema nervioso, que involucra una gran variabilidad de mecanismos y características. Este artículo busca ser un material de referencia de utilidad para la práctica clínica en el abordaje de las condiciones neuropáticas en la región orofacial, utilizando como base una revisión bibliográfica para contestar algunas preguntas comunes, como la frecuencia de la condición, patofisiología, patogénesis, estrategias de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Esta revisión no pretende ser exhaustiva, sino ofrecer un vistazo de algunos de los elementos que deben considerarse, y motivar al clínico a mantenerse actualizado y comprender la complejidad del dolor crónico. El impacto en la vida del paciente al entender su condición y tener opciones para mejorar su funcionalidad y bienestar debe ser la prioridad para quienes deciden hacer suya esta tarea, es decir, ofrecer alivio a quienes padecen de dolor neuropático. 

Palabras clave

Dolor neuropático, dolor crónico, neuropatías

Abstract

Chronic Pain is a pathological condition which behaves differently from acute or secondary pain, with the activation of several mechanisms that might pose a challenge to the clinician.  Neuropathic pain is an example of this type of conditions, and presents with structural or functional alterations in the nervous system, involving a great variability of mechanisms and characteristics.  This article aims to be a reference material for clinical practice in the approach of neuropathic conditions in the orofacial region, using evidence from the literature to answer frequent questions, such as the frequency of the condition, pathophysiology, pathogenesis, strategies of diagnosis and treatment.  This review aims to offer a glimpse of some of the elements that should be considered when dealing with neuropathic pain, and to motivate the clinician to stay current and understand the complexity of chronic pain.   Understanding the mechanisms related with neuropathic pain is vital to be able to offer options for the patients suffering this condition. 

Keywords

Neuropathic pain, chronic pain, neuropathies 

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Submitted date:
02/01/2019

Accepted date:
16/01/2019

Publication date:
21/10/2020

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