CONECTADOS E SOBRECARREGADOS: COMO A INDÚSTRIA 4.0 IMPACTA NA SAÚDE MENTAL OCUPACIONAL?
CONNECTED AND OVERBURDENED: HOW DOES INDUSTRY 4.0 IMPACT OCCUPATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH?
CONECTADOS Y SOBRECARGADOS: ¿CÓMO IMPACTA LA INDUSTRIA 4.0 EN LA SALUD MENTAL OCUPACIONAL?
Kevin Wilgner Costa Santos, Ruan Eduardo Carneiro Lucas, Ivanildo Fernandes Araújo, Jader Morais Borges
Resumo
A Indústria 4.0 trouxe tecnologias para os processos de fabricação, criando as Fábricas Inteligentes. Com essa automatização, algumas atividades tiveram redução das exigências físicas, enquanto a carga mental dos operadores aumentou. Nesse contexto, este artigo investiga a relação entre a quarta revolução industrial e a saúde mental ocupacional. O objetivo foi apresentar um Diagrama de Enlace Causal (DEC), estruturado com base em uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL), que evidencie as principais conexões entre a Indústria 4.0 e a saúde mental. A metodologia foi dividida em quatro etapas: (1) pesquisa exploratória; (2) RSL seguindo o protocolo PRISMA; (3) análise descritiva e de conteúdo; e (4) desenvolvimento do DEC. Os resultados indicaram que: (i) a adaptação às novas demandas laborais tornou-se fonte de estresse; (ii) o uso de robôs colaborativos aumentou a produtividade, mas criou novas demandas cognitivas e fontes de estresse; e (iii) o estresse está diretamente relacionado à tensão no desempenho das tarefas, ansiedade e exaustão mental. Conclui-se que os novos papéis e demandas decorrentes da quarta revolução industrial podem exceder a capacidade laboral dos trabalhadores, resultando em uma relação direta entre tensão mental e queda no desempenho.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Industry 4.0 brought technologies to manufacturing processes, creating Smart Factories. With this automation, some activities saw reduced physical demands, while the mental workload on operators increased. In this context, this article investigates the relationship between the fourth industrial revolution and occupational mental health. The objective was to present a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), structured based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), that highlights the main connections between Industry 4.0 and mental health. The methodology was divided into four stages: (1) exploratory research; (2) SLR following the PRISMA protocol; (3) descriptive and content analysis; and (4) CLD development. The results indicated that: (i) adapting to new work demands became a source of stress; ( ii ) the use of collaborative robots increased productivity but created new cognitive demands and sources of stress; and ( iii ) stress is directly related to strain in task performance, anxiety, and mental exhaustion. It is concluded that the new roles and demands arising from the fourth industrial revolution may exceed the working capacity of workers, resulting in a direct relationship between mental stress and a decline in performance.
Keywords
Resumen
La Industria 4.0 trajo tecnologías a los procesos de fabricación, creando Fábricas Inteligentes. Con esta automatización, algunas actividades vieron reducidas las demandas físicas, mientras que la carga de trabajo mental en los operadores aumentó. En este contexto, este artículo investiga la relación entre la cuarta revolución industrial y la salud mental ocupacional. El objetivo fue presentar un Diagrama de Bucle Causal (CLD), estructurado con base en una Revisión Sistemática de Literatura (SLR), que destaca las principales conexiones entre la Industria 4.0 y la salud mental. La metodología se dividió en cuatro etapas: (1) investigación exploratoria; (2) SLR siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA; (3) análisis descriptivo y de contenido; y (4) desarrollo de CLD. Los resultados indicaron que: (i) la adaptación a las nuevas demandas laborales se convirtió en una fuente de estrés; ( ii ) el uso de robots colaborativos aumentó la productividad pero creó nuevas demandas cognitivas y fuentes de estrés; y ( iii ) el estrés está directamente relacionado con la tensión en el desempeño de las tareas, la ansiedad y el agotamiento mental. Se concluye que los nuevos roles y exigencias surgidas de la cuarta revolución industrial pueden exceder la capacidad laboral de los trabajadores, generándose una relación directa entre el estrés mental y una disminución del rendimiento.
Palabras clave
Referencias
Adriaensen, A., Decré, W., & Pintelon, L. (2019). Can complexity-thinking methods contribute to improving occupational safety in Industry 4.0? A review of safety analysis methods and their concepts. Safety, 5(4).
Angerer, P., Schmook, R., Elfantel, I., & Li, J. (2018). Psychological risk assessment for the digitalised workplace: The DYNAMIK 4.0 system [Gefährdungsbeurteilung psychischer Belastung für die digitalisierte Arbeit: Das System DYNAMIK 4.0]. Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin, 53(11), 718–722.
Arif, A., Mehmood, R. M., Latif, S., Ashraf, H., & Rauf, A. (2024). Neurophysiological approach for psychological safety: Enhancing mental health in human-robot collaboration in smart manufacturing setups using neuroimaging. Information, 15(10).
Blandino, G. (2023). How to measure stress in smart and intelligent manufacturing systems: A systematic review. Systems, 11(4).
Diebig, M., Müller, A., & Angerer, P. (2017). Psychosocial stressors in the digital transformation of industry: A selective literature review on (new types of) stressors [Psychische Belastungen in der Industrie 4.0: Eine selektive Literaturübersicht zu (neuartigen) Belastungsbereichen]. Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin, 52(11), 832–839.
Faccio, M., Caputo, F., Galizia, F. G., & Mazzetto, A. (2023). Human factors in cobot era: A review of modern production systems features. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 34(1), 85–106.
Gil-Monte, P. R.; Carlotto, M. S.; Câmara, S. G. Validação da versão brasileira do “Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo” em professores. Revista de Saúde Pública, v. 44, n. 1, p. 140-147, 2010.
Hijry, H., Khan, A., Alhindi, A., & Khan, A. (2024). Real-time worker stress prediction in a smart factory assembly line. IEEE Access, 12, 116238–116249.
Kim, S., Kang, M., & Park, J. (2022). Digital industrial accidents: A case study of the mental distress of platform workers in South Korea. International Journal of Social Welfare, 31(3), 355–367.
Klumpp, M., Kohl, H., & Knop, M. (2024). “Under pressure!”: Digital work, mental strain, and work performance. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction, 20(1).
Lucas, R. E. C., Merino, E. A. D., Merino, G. S. A. D., Silva, L. B. da, Leite, W. K. dos S., Silva, J. M. N., & Júnior, J. F. R. (2024). Simulation model to analyze the impact of work on absenteeism. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 1, 1–17.
Ma, L., Zhong, R. Y., Yuan, M., Wang, J., & Xu, X. (2025). A human-centric order release method based on workload control in high-variety make-to-order shops towards Industry 5.0. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 94, 102946.
Mariscal, M. A., Casado-Lumbreras, C., Colomo-Palacios, R., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2024). Working with collaborative robots and its influence on levels of working stress. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 37(7), 900–919.
Marques, Vanessa da Silva; Carlotto, Mary Sandra. Demandas e recursos para predição da síndrome de burnout em psicólogos clínicos = Demands and resources for burnout syndrome on clinical psychologists. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, v. 44, p. 1–17, 2024.
Mital, A., & Pennathur, A. (2004). Advanced technologies and humans in manufacturing workplaces: An interdependent relationship. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 33(4), 295–313.
Rescio, G., Leone, A., Siciliano, P., & Malcangi, M. (2023). Ambient and wearable system for workers’ stress evaluation. Computers in Industry, 148, 103922.
Slazyk-Sobol, M., Tucholska, K., Sobol, M., & Kwiatkowski, S. (2021). Stress and self-efficacy as specific predictors of safety at work in the aviation sector. Medycyna Pracy, 72(5), 479–487.
Tan, C.-H., Wang, H.-L., Ong, W.-M., & Zainuddin, N. (2023). Workplace wellness, mental health literacy, and usage intention of e-mental health amongst digital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 25(1), 99–126.
Tran, T.-A., Nguyen, T. H., Do, T. N., & Nguyen, H. T. (2023). Heart rate variability measurement to assess acute work-content-related stress of workers in industrial manufacturing environment: A systematic scoping review. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 53(11), 6685–6692.
Wixted, F., O’Riordan, C., & O’Sullivan, L. (2018). Inhibiting the physiological stress effects of a sustained attention task on shoulder muscle activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 86.
Submitted date:
07/07/2025
Accepted date:
14/07/2025
