FORCE AND MUSCULAR ACTIVITY DURING PULLING ACTIVITY WITH AND WITHOUT USING A CART
FORÇA E ATIVIDADE MUSCULAR DURANTE A ATIVIDADE DE TRAÇÃO COM E SEM O USO DE UM CARRINHO
Nívia Cecília Kruta de Araújo, Catarina de Oliveira Sousa, Tatiana de Oliveira Sato
Abstract
Recyclable material collectors perform manual material handling activities using nylon bags. In cooperatives, these bags are dragged on the floor; however, this activity has been replaced by carts to facilitate activity, improve logistics, increase the useful life of bags and reduce musculoskeletal complaints. However, there is no evidence that the use of carts can bring benefits to this activity. Thus, we compared the traction force and the muscular activity of the upper limb during manual handling with and without the aid of a cart. Fifteen workers pulled bags with plastic (20 kg), cardboard (30 kg) and aluminum (40 kg), with and without the use of a cart. The traction force was greater when the bag was handled manually and increased according to the bag's mass; no differences were found between the masses with the use of the cart. Muscle activity was greater for the cart and with a tendency to increase activation as the mass increases. Thus, we noticed that the use of the cart reduced the traction force and increased the activation of the muscles of the upper limbs.
Keywords
Resumo
Coletores de materiais recicláveis realizam atividades manuais de manuseio de materiais usando sacolas de nylon. Em cooperativas, essas sacolas são arrastadas no chão; no entanto, essa atividade foi substituída por carrinhos para facilitar a atividade, melhorar a logística, aumentar a vida útil das sacolas e reduzir queixas musculoesqueléticas. No entanto, não há evidências de que o uso de carrinhos possa trazer benefícios a essa atividade. Assim, comparamos a força de tração e a atividade muscular do membro superior durante o manuseio manual com e sem o auxílio de um carrinho. Quinze trabalhadores puxaram sacolas com plástico (20 kg), papelão (30 kg) e alumínio (40 kg), com e sem o uso de um carrinho. A força de tração foi maior quando a sacola foi manipulada manualmente e aumentou de acordo com a massa da sacola; não foram encontradas diferenças entre as massas com o uso do carrinho. A atividade muscular foi maior para o carrinho e com uma tendência a aumentar a ativação à medida que a massa aumenta. Assim, observamos que o uso do carrinho reduziu a força de tração e aumentou a ativação dos músculos dos membros superiores.
DOI da Versão Traduzida: https://doi.org/10.4322/rae.v15e202106.pt
Palavras-chave
Referências
Akesson, I., Hansson, G. Å., Balogh, I., Moritz, U., & Skerfving, S. (1997). Quantifying work load in neck, shoulders and wrists in female dentists. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 69(6), 461–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004200050175
Alencar, M. C. B., Cardoso, C. C. O., & Antunes, M. C. (2009). Condições de trabalho e sintomas relacionados à saúde de catadores de materiais recicláveis em Curitiba. Revista de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade de São Paulo, 20(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-6149.v20i1p36-42
Argubi-Wollesen, A., Wollesen, B., Leitner, M., & Mattes, K. (2017). Human body mechanics of pushing and pulling: Analyzing the factors of task-related strain on the musculoskeletal system. Safety and Health at Work, 8(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2016.07.003
Asim, M., Batool, S. A., & Chaudhry, M. N. (2012). Scavengers and their role in the recycling of waste in Southwestern Lahore. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 58, 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.10.013
Auler, F., Nakashima, A. T., & Cuman, R. K. (2014). Health conditions of recyclable waste pickers. Journal of Community Health, 39(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-013-9734-5
Bennett, A. I., Desai, S. D., Todd, A. I., & Freeland, H. (2008). The effects of load and gradient on hand force responses during dynamic pushing and pulling tasks. Ergonomics SA, 20, 3-15.
Bennett, A. I., Todd, A. I., & Desai, S. D. (2011). Pushing and pulling, technique and load effects: An electromyographical study. Work, 38(3), 291-299. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2011-1132
Carmo, M. S., & Oliveira, J. A. P. (2010). The semantics of garbage and the organization of the recyclers: Implementation challenges for establishing recycling cooperatives in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54(12), 1261–1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.04.005
Castilhos Júnior, A. B., Ramos, N. F., Alves, C. M., Forcellini, F. A., & Graciolli, O. D. (2013). Catadores de materiais recicláveis: Análise das condições de trabalho e infraestrutura operacional no Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 18(11), 3115–3124. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232013001100002
Cockell, F. F., Carvalho, A. M. C., Camarotto, J. A., & Bento, P. E. G. (2004). A triagem de lixo reciclável: Análise ergonômica da atividade. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional, 29(110), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0303-76572004000200003
Cohen, J. (1998). The concepts of power analysis. In J. Cohen (Ed.), Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (pp. 1–17). Academic Press.
Engkvist, I. L. (2010). Work conditions at recycling centers in Sweden - Physical and psychosocial work environment. Applied Ergonomics, 41(3), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2009.06.008
Engkvist, I. L., Svensson, R., & Eklund, E. J. (2011). Reported occupational injuries at Swedish recycling centre-based on official statistics. Ergonomics, 54(4), 357–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2011.556261
Garg, A., Waters, T., Kapellusch, J., & Karwowski, W. (2014). Psychophysical basis for maximum pushing and pulling forces: A review and recommendations. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 44(2), 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2012.09.005
Glitsch, U., Ottersbach, H. J., Ellegast, R., Schaub, K., Franz, G., & Jäger, M. (2007). Physical workload of flight attendants when pushing and pulling trolleys aboard aircraft. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37(10), 845–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2007.07.004
Guardebassio, E. V., Dias, M., Pereira, R. S., & Venturi, L. (2014). Occupational safety and health in the screening of municipal solid waste in coop Cidade Limpa of Santo André. Rebrae, 7(3), 263–280. https://doi.org/10.7213/rebrae.07.003.AO02
Gutberlet, J., Baede, A. M., Pontuschka, N. N., Felipone, S. M. N., & Santos, T. L. F. (2013). Participatory research revealing the work and occupational health hazards of cooperative recyclers in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(10), 4607–4627. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104607
Harris-Adamson, C., Mielke, A., Xu, X., & Lin, J. H. (2016). Ergonomic evaluation of standard and alternative pallet jack handless. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 54, 113–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.05.005
Hoozemans, M. J. M., van der Beek, A. J., Frings-Dresen, M. H. W., van der Woude, L. H. V., & Dijk, F. J. H. (2002). Pushing and pulling in association with low-back and shoulder complaints. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(10), 696–702. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.10.696
Laursen, B., & Schibye, B. (2002). The effect of different surfaces on biomechanical loading of shoulder and lumbar spine during pushing and pulling of two-wheeled containers. Applied Ergonomics, 33(2), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(01)00054-0
Lin, J. H., McGorry, R. W., & Maynard, W. (2013). One-handed standing pull strength in different postures: Normative data. Applied Ergonomics, 44(4), 603–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2012.12.001
Luca, D. G. (2003). Delsys: Fundamental concepts in EMG signal acquisition. Delsys Inc.
Mathiassen, S. E., Winkel, J., & Hagg, G. M. (1995). Normalization of surface EMG amplitude from the upper trapezius muscle in ergonomic studies: A review. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 5(4), 197–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/1050-6411(94)00014-X
McDonald, A., Picco, B. R., Belbeck, A. L., Chow, A. Y., & Dickerson, C. R. (2012). Spatial dependency of shoulder muscle demands in horizontal pushing and pulling. Applied Ergonomics, 43(6), 971–978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2012.01.005
Medina, M. (2000). Scavenger cooperatives in Asia and Latin America. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 31(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(00)00071-9
Miglioransa, M. H., Rosa, L. C., Perin, C., Ramos, G. Z., Fossati, G. F., & Stein, A. (2003). Epidemiologic study of the selective garbage collectors. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional, 28(2), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0303-76572003000200003
Mottram, S. L. (1997). Dynamic stability of the scapula. Manual Therapy, 2(3), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1054/math.1997.0292
Porto, M. F., Juncá, D. C., Gonçalves, R. S., & Filhote, M. I. (2004). Garbage, work, and health: A case study of garbage pickers at the metropolitan landfill in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 20(6), 1503–1514. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2004000600007
Schibye, B., Sogaard, K., Martinsen, D., & Klausen, K. (2001). Mechanical load on the low back and shoulders during pushing and pulling of two-wheeled waste containers compared with lifting and carrying of bags and bins. Clinical Biomechanics, 16(7), 549–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00039-0
SENIAM. (2016). Recommendations for sensors locations on individual muscles. Recuperado em 2 de fevereiro de 2016, de http://www.seniam.org
Souza, R. L. R., Fontes, A. R. M., & Salomão, A. S. (2014). A triagem de materiais recicláveis e as variabilidades inerentes ao processo: Estudo de caso em uma cooperativa. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 19(10), 4185–4195. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320141910.09072014
Tiwari, P. S., Gite, L. P., Majumder, J., Pharade, S. C., & Sin, V. V. (2010). Push/pull strength of agricultural workers in central India. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2009.10.001
Yu, D., Xu, X., & Lin, J. H. (2018). Impact of posture choice on one-handed pull strength variations at low, waist, and overhead pulling heights. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 64, 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2017.07.004
