Toward food sovereignty and self-sufficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean: opportunities for agricultural complementarity
Hacia una soberanía y autosuficiencia alimentaria en América Latina y el Caribe: oportunidades de complementariedad agrícola
Pedro Cango; Jesús Ramos-Martín; Fander Falconí
Abstract
Keywords
Resumo
Resumen: La autosuficiencia alimentaria es un tema político relevante en muchos países, desarrollados y en desarrollo, particularmente para satisfacer las necesidades nutricionales internas de la población y enfrentar situaciones en las que los precios de los productos básicos son inestables o cuando un país enfrenta un shock externo. Mejorar la resiliencia implica fortalecer las comunidades rurales locales para satisfacer la demanda con producción interna. Los países miembros de América Latina y el Caribe (LCN) producen suficientes alimentos para sustentar a su población y para ser uno de los mayores exportadores mundiales de alimentos. A partir de la discusión teórica y usando datos de la FAO, la investigación muestra que, existe un potencial para mejorar la soberanía alimentaria y para definir las políticas alimentarias y agrícolas a través de la complementariedad agrícola entre los países de LCN. Desviar parte del comercio actual con terceros al comercio intrarregional, para productos en los que la región tiene una ventaja comparativa, representaría que los países de LCN podrían ahorrar hasta 2.700 millones de dólares al año, es decir, 6.8% del total de las importaciones de alimentos en 2018, evitando la salida de divisas y promoviendo una mayor integración económica entre los países.
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Submitted date:
04/19/2021
Accepted date:
12/19/2021