SISTEMAS ESPECIALISTAS PARA ECONOMISTAS RURAIS: POTENCIAL E RELEVÂNCIA
CARLOS ARTHUR B. DA SILVA
Resumo
Sistemas especialistas (S.E.'s) são programas de computador que procuram reproduzir o processo através do qual especialistas humanos empregam conhecimentos para analisar e solucionar problemas em áreas específicas. Tais sistemas têm recentemente encontrado um número crescente de aplicações práticas. Os principais conceitos dessa tecnologia de software são revistos no presente trabalho, e seu potencial e relevância para a atividade do economista rural são discutidos. Acredita-se que o maior potencial de emprego de S.E.'s na profissão reside em atividades de planejamento e pre- dição, principalmente nos campos de administração e extensão. Dentre as barreiras que dificultam a maior disseminação de S.E.'s entre economistas rurais no Brasil, destacam-se os altos custos de equipamentos e programas no mercado interno, e a carência de profissionais experientes. Sugestões para minorar tais dificuldades são apresentadas neste trabalho.
Palavras-chave
Referências
ADlGA, S. A conceptual design and analysis methodology for knowledge acquisition for expert systems_ Ph.D. Dissertation, Arizona State University, 1986
AUSTIN, H. Market trends in artificial intelligence. ln: Reitman, Walter, (Ed.): Artificial intelligence applications for business. Proceedings of the NYU symposium, May 1983; Ablex, Norwood, New Jersey, 1984.
BRACHMAN R.; AMAREL, S.; ENGELMAN, C.; ENGELMORE, R.; FElNGEBAUM, E. & WILKINS, D. What are Expert Systems? ln: Hayes-Roth, F.; Waterman, D. & Lenat, D. (Eds.): Building Expert Systems. Addison-Wesley, London, 1983.
DAVIS, R. Knowledge-based systems: the view in 1986. ln: Grimson, W. & Patil, R. (Eds.): AI in the 1980's and beyond. Toe MIT Press, Cambridge, 1987.
DLG (Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft) (ed.): Knowledge based systems in agriculture - prospects for application. Proceedings of the international DLG Congress for computer technology. Frankfurt a. M., 1988.
DOLUSCHITZ, R. & HUBER, U. Expertensysteme in Agrarbereich: an Überblick. ln: Schiefer, G. (Ed.:) Expertensysteme in der Agrarwirtschaft: Entwicklung, Erfaharung, Perspektiven; Võrtrage der ITMA - Fachtgung ..Expertensysteme 1988". Wissenschaft Verlag Vauk, Kiel, 1989.
DUDA, O. & REBOH, R. AI and desision making: the PROSPECTOR experience. ln: Reitman, Walter, (Ed.): Artificial intelligence applications for Business. Proceedings ofthe NYU symposium, May 1983; Ablex, Norwood, New Jersey, 1984
FORDYCE, K.; NORDEN, P . & SULLIV AN, G. Review of expert systems for the management science practicioner. Interfaces 17:2 March-April 1987, pp. 66-77.
GAINES, B. Structure, development and applications of expert systems in integrated manufacturing. ln: Kusiak, A. (Ed.): Artificial intelligence: implication for computer integrated manufacturing. Springer Verlag, Beldford, 1988.
GAULTNEY, L. HARLOW, S. & OOMS, W.; An expert system for troubleshooting tractor hydraulic systems. Computers and eletronics in agriculture 3, pp. 177-187, 1989.
GROSS, D. Induction and ID/3: more powerful than we think. Expert Systems 5, 4, pp. 348-350, 1989.
HARMON, P. & KING, D. Expert systems - artificial intelligence in business. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985.
HARSH, S. Artificial intelligence - methods and tools and the importance of acquisition of knowledge. ln: Deutsch Landwirtschafts gesellschaft (Ed.): Knowledge based systems in agricultre - prospects for application. Proceedings of the international DLG congress for computer technology. Frankfurt a. M., 1988.
HAYES-ROTH, F.; WATERMAN, D. & LENAT, D. An overview of expert systems. ln: Hayes-Roth, F.; Waterman, D. & Lenat, D. (Eds.): Building Expert Systems. Addison-Wesley, London, 1983.
HOLSAPPLE C. & WHINSTON, A. Manager's guide to expert systems using GURU. Dow Jones-Irwin, Homewood, Illinois, 1986.
Idea Works Inc.; 1989 Catalog. Columbia, Missouri, 1989. !.
JACOBSON, B.; JONES, P.; JONES, J. & PARAMORE, J. Real-time greenhouse monitoring and control with an expert system. Computers and Eletronics in Agriculture, 3, pp. 273-285, 1989.
KLINE, D.; BENDER, B. & VAN DONGE, C. Machinery selection using expert systems and linear programming. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 3, pp. 45-61, 1988.
LEONARD-BARTON, D & SVIOKLA, J. Putting expert systems to work. Harvard Business Review, pp. 91-98, March-April 1988.
LIGEZA, A. Expert systems approach to decision support. European Joumal of Operational Research 37, pp. 100-110, 1988.
MALMBORG, C.; AGEE, M.; SIMONS, G. & CHOUDHRY, J. An expert system for selection of material handling equipment. ln: Kusiak, A. (Ed.): Artificial intelligence: implications for computer integrated manufacturing. Springer Verlag, Beldford, 1988.
MARTENS, P.; BORKOWSKI, V. & GEIS, W. Betriebliche Expertensystem - anwendungen: eine Materialsammlung. Spring Verlag, Berlin, 1988.
MINGERS, J. Expert systems-experiments with role induction. Joumal of the Operational Research Society. 37, 11, pp. 1031-1037, 1986.
O'CONNOR, D. Using expert systems to manage change and complexity in manufacturing. ln: Reitman, Walter (Ed.): Artificial intelligence applicati<>ns for business. Proceedings of the NYU symposium, May 1983; Ablex, Norwood, New Jersey, 1984
OHLMER, B. Analysis of economic efficiency for farms. ln: Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft (Ed.): Knowledge based systems in agriculture - prospects for application. Proceedings of the intemational DLG congress for computer technology. Frankfurt a. M., 1988.
SCHIEFER, G. (Ed.:) Expertensysteme in der Agrarwirtschaft: Entwickling, Erfahrung, Perspektiven; Võrtrage der ITMA-Fachtgung "Expertensysteme 1988". Wissenschaft Verlag Vauk, Kiel, 1989.
Texas lnstruments; personal Consultant Series. 1989
UHRIG, W. Toe selection of marketing altematives for grain. ln: Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft (Ed.): Knowledge based systems in agriculture - prospects for application. Proceedings of the intemational DLG congress for computer technology. Frankfurt a. M., 1988.
ULRICH, R. Forescast Pro. PC-Magazine 8 (5), pp. 232-233, 1989.
WATERMAN, D. A guide to expert systems. Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1986.
WATERMAN, D. & HA YES-ROTH, F. An investigation of tools for building expert systems. ln: Hayes-Roth, F.; Waterman, D. & Lenat, D. (Eds.): Building Expert Systems. Addison-Wesley, London, 1983.
WINSTON, P. Artificial intelligence: a perspective. ln: Grimson, W. & Patil, R. (Eds.): AI in the 1980's and beyond. Toe MIT Press, Cambridge, 1987.
Submetido em:
25/09/1989
Aceito em:
30/04/1990
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
Email