Tratamento da hemicrania contínua: série de casos e revisão da literatura

Lídia Maria Veras Rocha de Moura; José Marcelo Ferreira Bezerra; Norma Regina Pereira Fleming

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942012000200004

Scientific Article

Tratamento da hemicrania contínua: série de casos e revisão da literatura

Treatment of hemicrania continua: case series and literature review

Lídia Maria Veras Rocha de Moura; José Marcelo Ferreira Bezerra; Norma Regina Pereira Fleming

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942012000200004 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.62, n2, p.180-187, 2012

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A Hemicrania Contínua (HC) é uma cefaleia primária, incapacitante, caracterizada por dor contínua, unilateral e responsiva à indometacina. Existem sintomas comuns às cefaleias trigêmino-autonômicas e à migrânea, que dificultam o diagnóstico. A presente revisão busca descrever a HC em uma série de casos e analisar as melhores evidências disponíveis sobre alternativas terapêuticas. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática dos prontuários e dos diários de dor de 1.600 pacientes, atendidos entre janeiro de 1992 e janeiro de 2011 em um ambulatório de cefaleia. RESULTADOS: Dez pacientes com possível diagnóstico de Hemicrania Contínua foram selecionados; sete receberam diagnóstico de HC segundo a II Classificação Internacional das Cefaleias. Nenhum paciente havia recebido o diagnóstico correto antes de ser atendido no ambulatório e o tempo médio para o mesmo foi de 12 anos. A amitriptilina foi eficaz no tratamento profilático de 66,6% dos casos, a gabapentina em 20% e o topiramato em 10%. CONCLUSÕES: A HC deve ser considerada entre as hipóteses diagnósticas de pacientes com cefaleia contínua, sem alterações ao exame neurológico e exames subsidiários, independentemente da idade do surgimento. O tratamento usual, 100 mg a 150 mg diários de indometacina, possui riscos relevantes associados ao uso a curto e longo prazos e pode não ser boa escolha para uso contínuo. Estudos recentes apontam possíveis alternativas: gabapentina, topiramato, inibidores da ciclooxigenase-2, piroxican betaciclodextrina, amitriptilina e melatonina. Outras drogas foram descritas como eficazes em relatos isolados, mas a maioria foi considerada ineficaz em outros casos de HC.

Palavras-chave

DOENÇAS, DOR, DOR, TÉCNICAS DE ANALGESIA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hemicrania Continua (HC) is a primary, disabling headache characterized by a continuous unilateral pain and responsive to indomethacin. There are symptoms common to the trigeminal-autonomic cephalalgias and migraine that complicate the diagnosis. This review aims to describe HC in a case series and review the best available evidence on alternative therapies. METHOD: A systematic review of medical records and diaries of pain of 1,600 patients treated between January 1992 and January 2011 in a headache outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Ten patients with a possible diagnosis of hemicrania continua were selected; seven were diagnosed with HC according to the II International Classification of Headache Disorders. None of the patients had received the correct diagnosis before being treated at the outpatient clinic and the average time for treatment was 12 years. Prophylactic treatment was effective in 66.6% of cases with amitriptyline, 20% with gabapentin and 10% with topiramate. CONCLUSIONS: HC should be considered among the diagnostic hypotheses of patients with continuous headache, with no change in neurological examination and additional tests, regardless the age of onset. The standard treatment with indomethacin (100-150 mg.day-1) has significant risks associated with both short and long term use and may not be a good choice for continuous use. Recent studies point out possible alternatives: gabapentin, topiramate, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, piroxicam, beta-cyclodextrin, amitriptyline, melatonin. Other drugs were described in different reports as efficient, but most of them were considered inefficient in other HC cases.

Keywords

Analgesia, Chronic Pain, Headache, Therapeutics

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Tratamento da hemicrania contínua: série de casos e revisão da literatura

Treatment of hemicrania continua: case series and literature review

Lídia Maria Veras Rocha de Moura; José Marcelo Ferreira Bezerra; Norma Regina Pereira Fleming

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Braz J Anesthesiol