Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/rba/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942011000400012
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Special Article

Monitorização intraoperatória com ecocardiografia transesofágica em cirurgia cardíaca

Intraoperative monitoring with transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgery

Carlos Galhardo Júnior; Eduardo Souza Leal Botelho; Luis Antonio dos Santos Diego

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Desde a sua introdução clínica na década de 1980, a ecocardiografia transesofágica (ETE) intraoperatória tem representado um dos maiores avanços na anestesia cardíaca moderna. Trata-se de uma técnica semi-invasiva, que permite visualização direta e rápida da anatomia estrutural do coração e dos grandes vasos, além de contribuir para a avaliação hemodinâmica e funcional do sistema cardiovascular. Dessa maneira, tem-se tornado importante monitor para auxílio diagnóstico de patologias cardíacas e intervenções anestésico-cirúrgicas. O objetivo do artigo é realizar uma revisão abrangente sobre a utilização da ETE no intraoperatório de cirurgia cardíaca. CONTEÚDO: O artigo revisa alguns aspectos relacionados à física do ultrassom, as técnicas para a obtenção das imagens, os cortes ecocardiográficos mais utilizados no intraoperatório, as indicações e as principais aplicações clínicas do método, além das contraindicações e complicações. CONCLUSÕES: A ETE intraoperatória é um método de monitorização cardiovascular seguro e útil na formulação do plano cirúrgico, na orientação de intervenções hemodinâmicas e na avaliação imediata do resultado operatório. O anestesiologista, uma vez habilitado à utilização do método, amplia seu papel no contexto da medicina perioperatória, fornecendo informações clínicas imprescindíveis à condução do ato anestésico-cirúrgico em cirurgia cardíaca.

Palavras-chave

CIRURGIA, CIRURGIA, EXAMES DIAGNÓSTICOS, EXAMES DIAGNÓSTICOS, MONITORIZAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Since its clinical introduction in the 80s, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has represented one of the greatest advances in modern cardiac anesthesia. It is a semi-invasive technique that allows direct and fast visualization of structural anatomy of the heart and great vessels as well as contributes to hemodynamic and functional evaluation of the cardiovascular system. Thus, it has become an important monitor in aiding the diagnosis of cardiac pathologies and anesthesia and surgical interventions. The objective of this report was to perform a comprehensive review on the use of intraoperative TEE in cardiac surgery. CONTENTS: This article reviews some aspects of ultrasound physics, imaging techniques, echocardiographic cuts used more oftenly, indications, and main clinical applications in addition to contraindications and complications. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative TEE is a safe method of cardiovascular monitoring, which is useful in the formulation of a surgical strategy, orientation of hemodynamic interventions, and immediate assessment of surgical outcomes. Once qualified to use the method, the anesthesiologist expands its role in perioperative medicine, providing clinical information necessary to the anesthetic-surgical procedure in cardiac surgery.

Keywords

Echocardiography, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Intraoperative Care

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