Resumo
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A síndrome de Cri Du Chat é uma desordem cromossômica com características clínicas peculiares, incluindo anormalidades de vias aéreas, que exigem do anestesiologista cuidados especiais no manuseio desses pacientes. OBJETIVO: Apresentar um caso de anestesia ambulatorial em paciente com síndrome de Cri Du Chat e abordar os aspectos anestésicos relacionados com essa doença. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 14 anos, 25 kg, portador de síndrome de Cri Du Chat, estado físico ASA P2, admitido para realização de endoscopia digestiva alta e dilatação esofagiana. Quadro neurológico com retardo mental, alguns episódios de convulsões e hipertonia acentuada de membros. Exame das vias aéreas demonstrando mobilidade cervical limitada e distância tireomentoniana inferior a 6 cm. Paciente não atendia ao comando verbal, sendo difícil a avaliação completa das vias aéreas. Outros achados ao exame físico incluíram microcefalia, micrognatia, discreto estrabismo, hipertonia de membros em flexão e protrusão de língua. Administrados, por via venosa, 50 µg de citrato de fentanila, 1 mg de midazolam e 60 mg de propofol. Mantido em ventilação espontânea. Procedimento com duração de 5 minutos, realizado sem intercorrências. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com síndrome de Cri Du Chat apresentam características clínicas de grande relevância no manejo anestésico, cabendo ao anestesiologista considerar com cautela as particularidades estruturais de cada paciente.
Palavras-chave
ANESTESIA, DOENÇAS, Genética, SEDAÇÃO
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cri Du Chat syndrome is a chromosomal disorder with peculiar clinical characteristics including airways abnormalities that require special care by anesthesiologists when handling those patients. OBJECTIVE: To present a case of outpatient anesthesia in a patient with Cri Du Chat syndrome and discuss the anesthetic aspects related to this disorder. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 14 years old, 25 kg, with Cri Du Chat syndrome, physical status ASA P2, was admitted for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and esophageal dilation. The patient had mental retardation, a few episodes of seizures, and marked hypertonia of the limbs. Airways exam showed limited cervical mobility and thyromental distance less than six centimeters. The patient was unable to comprehend verbal commands, making it difficult to undertake a complete assessment of the airways. Other findings on physical exam included microcephaly, micrognathism, subtle strabismus, limb hypertonia with flexion, and protrusion of the tip of the tongue. Intravenous fentanyl 50 µg, midazolam 1 mg, and propofol 60 mg were administered. The patient was maintained on spontaneous ventilation. The procedure lasted 5 minutes, without intercurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Cri Du Chat syndrome have clinical characteristics that are very important for their anesthetic management, being the responsibility of the anesthesiologist to consider carefully the structural particularities of each patient.
Keywords
ANESTHESIA, DISEASES, Genetic, SEDATION
Referencias
Lejeune J, Lafourcade J, Berger R. Trois cas de délétion partielle du bras court d'un chromosome 5. CR Hebd Sceances Acad Sci. 1963;257:3098-3102.
Niebuhr E. The Cri du Chat syndrome: epidemiology, cytogenetics and clinical features. Hum Genet. 1978;44:227-275.
Mainardi PC. Cri Du Chat Syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006;1.
Hills C, Moller JH, Finkelstein M. Cri du Chat syndrome and congenital heart disease: a review of previously reported cases and presentation of an additional 21 cases from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e924-927.
Brislin RP, Stayer SA, Schwartz RE. Anaesthetic considerations for the patient with Cri du Chat syndrome. Paediatr Anaesth. 1995;5:139-141.
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