Laringoespasmo

Adriano Bechara de Souza Hobaika; Michele Nacur Lorentz

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942009000400012

Review Article

Laringoespasmo

Laryngospasm

Adriano Bechara de Souza Hobaika; Michele Nacur Lorentz

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942009000400012 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.59, n4, p.487-495, 2009

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A manutenção das vias aéreas é de importância fundamental para os anestesiologistas, particularmente durante a indução da anestesia e após a extubação, quando ocorre mais frequentemente o espasmo da laringe ou laringoespasmo. O anestesiologista deve conhecer a fisiologia do funcionamento faríngeo-laríngeo e os fatores de risco para a obstrução das vias aéreas, pois se trata de complicação potencialmente grave que pode ocorrer durante procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico, de etiologia multifatorial e cujas consequências podem ser nefastas. O atraso no diagnóstico ou tratamento e a evolução do quadro podem levar à hipoxemia, edema agudo do pulmão e eventualmente óbito do paciente. Nesse contexto o objetivo deste artigo foi rever as medidas que devem ser tomadas em situação de laringoespasmo, já que oxigenação e ventilação adequadas podem ficar comprometidas em tal situação. CONTEÚDO: Este artigo de revisão apresenta os mecanismos de manutenção das vias aéreas, discutindo seus aspectos mais relevantes e etiologia, fisiopatologia, tratamento e prevenção do laringoespasmo. CONCLUSÕES: Há muitas recomendações na literatura que visam tratar ou prevenir o desenvolvimento do laringoespasmo, mas nenhuma é completamente eficaz. Devido à sua gravidade, é necessário que sejam realizados mais estudos com enfoque nas medidas de prevenção dessa complicação.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES, Laringoespasmo, COMPLICAÇÕES, Laringoespasmo

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Airways management is fundamental for anesthesiologists, especially during induction of anesthesia and after extubation, when laryngeal spasm is more common. The anesthesiologist should know pharyngeal-laryngeal physiology and the risk factors for airways obstruction, since this is a potentially severe complication with a multifactorial etiology that can develop during anesthesia and whose consequences can be catastrophic. A delay in the diagnosis or treatment and its evolution can lead to hypoxemia, acute pulmonary edema, and, eventually, death of the patient. In this context, the objective of this report was to review the measures that should be taken in cases of laryngospasm because adequate oxygenation and ventilation may be compromised in this situation. CONTENTS: This review article presents the mechanisms of airways management, discussing the most relevant aspects and etiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of laryngospasm. CONCLUSIONS: The literature has several recommendations on the treatment or prevention of laryngospasm, but none of them is completely effective. Due to its severity, further studies on measures to prevent this complication are necessary.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, Laryngospasm, COMPLICATIONS, Laryngospasm

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Laringoespasmo

Laryngospasm

Adriano Bechara de Souza Hobaika; Michele Nacur Lorentz

Resumo

Palavras-chave

Abstract

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