Resumo
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Pacientes portadores de derivação ventriculoperitoneal (DVP) causam preocupação adicional quando o bloqueio do neuroeixo é indicado, sobretudo em obstetrícia. Atualmente não existe consenso na literatura sobre a técnica anestésica de escolha nesses casos. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever o caso de paciente com DVP submetida à cesariana sob anestesia subaracnoidea. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente de 28 anos, secundigesta, um parto anterior sem história de aborto, de termo, pré-natal sem intercorrências, em trabalho de parto há cinco horas, uma cesariana há sete anos. Evoluiu com sofrimento fetal agudo, indicada cesariana de emergência. Portadora DVP há cinco anos, devido à hipertensão intracraniana (sic) de etiologia desconhecida. Exame neurológico normal. Foi submetida à anestesia subaracnoidea com bupivacaína a 0,5% pesada 15 mg e morfina 80 ¼g. Nascimento fetal com Apgar 8 (1 minuto) e 10 (5 minutos) após nascimento. Alta após dois dias em excelente condição clínica. CONCLUSÕES: A abordagem anestésica de pacientes obstétricas com DVP é complexa, devendo-se comparar o risco e o benefício das técnicas no momento e circunstância da indicação. O bloqueio do neuroeixo tem sido relatado com sucesso em portadoras de doenças neurológicas. Quanto à DVP, não existe na literatura contraindicação formal ao bloqueio. Os casos devem ser individualizados. Neste relato, diante da emergência obstétrica e do quadro neurológico vigente, optou-se pelo bloqueio no neuroeixo. A técnica proporcionou adequado manuseio da via aérea, boa condição materno-fetal e analgesia pós-operatória. A evolução foi favorável, sem alterações neurológicas decorrentes da técnica escolhida.
Palavras-chave
CIRURGIA, Obstétrica, DOENÇAS, Neurológica, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) represent an additional concern when neuroaxis block is indicated, especially in obstetrics. Currently, a consensus on the anesthetic technique of choice in those cases does not exist in the literature. The objective of this report was to describe the case of a cesarean section under subarachnoid blockade in a patient with VPS. CASE REPORT: This is a 28 years old pregnant patient at term, in her second pregnancy, one prior delivery, a cesarean section seven years ago, no history of miscarriages, and pre-natal care without intercurrences, in labor for five hours. The patient evolved with acute fetal distress and an emergency cesarean section was indicated. She had had a VPS for five years due to intracranial hypertension (sic) of unknown etiology. Neurological exam was normal. She underwent subarachnoid block with 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 80 ¼g of morphine. The newborn had an Apgar of 8 (in the first minute) and 10 (in the 5th minute). The patient was discharged two days later in excellent clinical condition. CONCLUSIONS: The anesthetic approach of obstetric patients with VPS is complex, and the risk and benefits of anesthetic techniques, as well as the circumstances that led to this indication, should be considered at the time of the indication. Successful of neuroaxis block in patients with neurological diseases has been reported. As for VPS, formal contraindication for neuroaxis block does not exist in the literature. Cases should be individualized. In the present report, due to an obstetric emergency and the neurologic condition of the patient, a decision to use neuroaxis blockade was made. The technique provided adequate management of the airways, good maternal-fetal condition, and postoperative analgesia. The evolution was favorable and the patient did not show any neurologic changes secondary to the technique used.
Keywords
ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional, DISEASES, Neurological, SURGERY, Obstetric
Referências
Littleford JA, Brockhurst NJ, Bernstein EP. Obstetrical anesthesia for a parturient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and third ventriculostomy. Can J Anaesth. 1999;46:1057-1063.
Landau R, Giraud R, Delrue V. Spinal Anesthesia for cesarean delivery in a woman with surgically corretcted type I Arnold Chiari malformation. Anesth Analg. 2003;97:253-255.
Kachko L, Platis CM, Livni G. Spinal anesthesia in infants with ventriculoperitoneal shunt: report of five cases and review of literature. Ped Anesth. 2006;16:578-583.
Murayama K, Mamiya K, Nozaki K. Cesarean section in a patient with syringomyelia. Can J Anaesth. 2001;48:474-477.
Moore PAS, Cooper GM. Obstetric anaesthetic deaths in context. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2007;20:191-194.
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