Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/rba/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942009000400002
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Avaliação da cetamina racêmica e do isômero S(+), associados ou não a baixas doses de fentanil, na balneoterapia do grande queimado

Assessment of the use of racemic ketamine and its S(+) isomer, associated or not with low doses of fentanyl, in balneotherapy for major burn patients

Fernando Antônio de Freitas Cantinho; Antonio Carlos Pereira da Silva

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942009000400002 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.59, n4, p.396-408, 2009
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O cuidado da ferida do grande-queimado desencadeia estímulo doloroso muito intenso. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a segurança e efetividade de diferentes combinações de fármacos na anestesia para balneoterapia. MÉTODO: Com a aprovação do Comitê de Ética, foram estudados 200 procedimentos de balneoterapia em 87 grandes queimados adultos. Em todos os casos foi empregado o midazolam. Foram utilizados frascos numerados da cetamina, não se conhecendo no momento do uso se era racêmica ou S(+). A cada manhã era sorteado se os procedimentos daquele dia seriam conduzidos com ou sem fentanil. Formaram-se quatro grupos: ISO/sf (isômero S(+) sem o fentanil), ISO/cf (isômero S(+) com o fentanil), RAC/sf (cetamina racêmica sem o fentanil) e RAC/cf (cetamina racêmica com o fentanil). As doses iniciais propostas foram: midazolam 0,06 mg.kg-1, cetamina 1,0 a 1,1 mg.kg-1, fentanil 0,8 ¼g.kg-1; as doses adicionais eram administradas conforme necessário. RESULTADOS: Em apenas um caso houve lembrança de dor durante a balneoterapia. No grupo que recebeu a cetamina S(+), o acréscimo do fentanil não evidenciou vantagens; associado à forma racêmica, o fentanil reduziu a dose total e o número de bolus da cetamina. A extensão da superfície corporal queimada foi a principal determinante da intensidade de dor pós-procedimento. A menor intensidade de dor pós-procedimento foi o principal fator considerado pelo paciente para sua satisfação pela anestesia recebida. CONCLUSÕES: As quatro diferentes combinações de fármacos mostraram-se seguras e permitiram ausência de dor durante a balneoterapia. Características não ligadas diretamente aos anestésicos mostraram-se de maior importância na definição da dor pós-procedimento, que foi a principal característica considerada pelo grande queimado para definir sua satisfação com a anestesia recebida.

Palavras-chave

ANALGÉSICOS, DOENÇAS, TERAPÊUTICA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The care of the wounds of major burn patients triggers severe painful stimuli. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of different drug combinations in anesthesia for balneotherapy. METHODS: After approval by the Ethics Commission, 200 procedures of balneotherapy in 87 major burn adult patients were evaluated. Midazolam was used in all cases. The vials of ketamine were numbered and, therefore, at the time of the use, one did not know whether racemic or S(+)ketamine was being used. Each morning it was decided by drawing lots whether fentanyl would be used or not in the procedures of that day. Patients were included in one of four groups: ISO/sf (S(+) isomer without fentanyl), ISO/cf (S(+) isomer with fentanyl), RAC/sf (racemic ketamine without fentanyl), and RAC/cf (racemic ketamine with fentanyl). The initial doses proposed were as follows: midazolam, 0.06 mg.kg-1; ketamine, 1.0 to 1.1 mg.kg-1; and fentanyl, 0.8 ¼g.kg1-1; additional doses were administered as needed. RESULTS: Only one patient recalled the pain of balneotherapy. In the group that received S(+)ketamine, the use of fentanyl did not bring additional advantages; however, when associated with racemic ketamine, fentanyl reduced the total dose and the number of ketamine boluses. The extension of body surface burned was the main determinant of the severity of post-procedure pain. Reduced pain severity was the main factor considered by patients when grading their satisfaction with the anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The four different drug combinations proved to be safe and guaranteed the absence of pain during balneotherapy. Characteristics not directly related to the anesthetics proved to be more important in the incidence of post-procedure pain, which was the main factor considered by major burn patient to define their satisfaction with the anesthesia used.

Keywords

ANALGESICS, DISEASES, THERAPY

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