Transfusão sangüínea no intra-operatório, complicações e prognóstico

João Manoel Silva Junior; Thiago Abreu Cezario; Diogo O. Toledo; Danielle Dourado Magalhães; Marco Aurélio Cícero Pinto; Luiz Gustavo F. Victoria

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942008000500003

Scientific Article

Transfusão sangüínea no intra-operatório, complicações e prognóstico

Complications and prognosis of intraoperative blood transfusion

João Manoel Silva Junior; Thiago Abreu Cezario; Diogo O. Toledo; Danielle Dourado Magalhães; Marco Aurélio Cícero Pinto; Luiz Gustavo F. Victoria

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942008000500003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.58, n5, p.447-461, 2008

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JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Transfusões sangüíneas no intra-operatório estão associadas a aumento de complicações no pós-operatório e custos hospitalares. Portanto, este estudo avaliou as características, complicações e possíveis fatores de riscos para morte em pacientes cirúrgicos que necessitaram de transfusões sangüíneas no intra-operatório. MÉTODO: Coorte prospectiva, durante período de um ano, no centro cirúrgico de hospital terciário. Incluíram-se pacientes com idade acima de 18 anos que necessitaram de transfusões sangüíneas no intra-operatório. Testemunhas de Jeová, pacientes que receberam transfusões prévias, falência coronariana e lesão encefálica aguda foram excluídos. RESULTADOS: O estudo envolveu 80 pacientes, com idade média de 68,4 ± 14,1 anos. Os pacientes ASA II foram prevalentes com 69,6% dos casos, os escores APACHE II e POSSUM foram em média, respectivamente, 13,6 ± 4,4 e 37,5 ± 11,4. A hemoglobina média no momento da transfusão era 8,2 ± 1,8 g.dL-1 e 19% dos pacientes apresentavam hemoglobina maior que 10 g.dL-1. Os pacientes receberam em média 2,2 ± 0,9 UI de concentrados de hemácias. A mortalidade hospitalar foi 26,3%. As complicações pós-transfusões totalizaram 57,5% dos casos no pós-operatório e a mais freqüente foi infecção. Foram fatores independentes de morte na regressão logística os escores APACHE II (OR = 1,34; IC 95% 1,102 - 1,622), POSSUM (OR = 1,08; IC 95% 1,008 - 1,150) e número de unidades de concentrados de hemácias recebidas (OR = 2,22; IC 95% 1,100 - 4,463). Quanto maior o número de transfusões sangüíneas, maiores as incidências de complicações e mortalidade. CONCLUSÕES: O valor de hemoglobina e o número de unidades de concentrados de hemácias utilizados foram elevados comparados com os estudos que preconizam estratégias restritivas. Foi encontrada nesta amostra alta incidência de complicações, principalmente infecções, e elevada mortalidade. Os escores APACHE II, POSSUM e maior número de transfusões foram fatores de riscos independentes de pior prognóstico no pós-operatório.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES, SANGUE, SANGUE

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative blood transfusions are associated with an increase in postoperative complications and hospital costs. Thus, this study evaluated the characteristics, complications, and probable risk factors for death in surgical patients who needed intraoperative blood transfusions. METHODS: This is a prospective study that spanned a one-year period, undertaken at the surgical suite of a tertiary hospital. Patients older than 18 years who needed intraoperative blood transfusions were included in this study. Jehovah witnesses, patients with a history of prior blood transfusions, coronary failure, and acute brain lesions were excluded. RESULTS: Eighty patients with mean age of 68.4 ± 14.1 years participated in the study. Most patients were ASA II, representing 69.6% of the study group; APACHE and POSSUM scores were 13.6 ± 4.4 and 37.5 ± 11.4, respectively. Mean hemoglobin at the time of transfusion was 8.2 ±1.8 g.dL-1 and 19% of the patients had hemoglobin levels higher than 10 g.dL-1. Patients received an average of 2.2 ± 0.9 IU of packed red blood cells. Hospital mortality was 26.3%. Post-transfusion complications totaled 57.5% of the cases in the postoperative period, and most of them were due to infections. In the logistic regression, independent factors for death included APACHE II (OR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.102-1.622), POSSUM (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.008-1.150) and the number of packed red blood cells received (OR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.100-4.463). Thus, the higher the number of transfusions, the greater the incidence of complications and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Hemoglobin level, and the number of packed red blood cells used were elevated when compared with studies that suggest restrictive strategies. This sample presented a high incidence of complications, especially infections, and complications. APACHE II and POSSUM scores and the number of transfusions were independent risk factors for a worse postoperative prognosis.

Keywords

BLOOD, BLOOD, COMPLICATIONS

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Transfusão sangüínea no intra-operatório, complicações e prognóstico

Complications and prognosis of intraoperative blood transfusion

João Manoel Silva Junior; Thiago Abreu Cezario; Diogo O. Toledo; Danielle Dourado Magalhães; Marco Aurélio Cícero Pinto; Luiz Gustavo F. Victoria

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