Dor neuropática após trauma com agulha de peridural

Gilson Cassem Ramos; Eduardo Custódio de O. Gomes

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942008000400007

Clinical Information

Dor neuropática após trauma com agulha de peridural

Neuropathic pain after epidural needle trauma

Gilson Cassem Ramos; Eduardo Custódio de O. Gomes

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942008000400007 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.58, n4, p.380-386, 2008

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Complicações neurológicas decorrentes de anestesia peridural são incomuns. O trauma mecânico direto em raízes nervosas pode provocar dor neuropática que costuma evoluir de maneira favorável; contudo, trata-se de complicação potencialmente grave que, em certas circunstâncias, pode progredir para quadro crônico. O objetivo foi discorrer o tema dor neuropática aguda e traumática, abordando, sobretudo, sobre o seu tratamento. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, admitido para tratamento cirúrgico de refluxo gastroesofágico, pela técnica laparoscópica e com alta hospitalar prevista para o primeiro pós-operatório (PO). Submeteu-se a bloqueio anestésico peridural associado à anestesia geral. Durante a localização do espaço peridural, o paciente referiu dor muito intensa e parestesia em membro inferior esquerdo. A agulha foi reposicionada e o espaço peridural localizado. O paciente evoluiu no PO com alodinia e hiperestesia. Foi firmado o diagnóstico de dor neuropática. O tratamento instituído constou de antidepressivo, anticonvulsivante, corticóide, tramadol e complexo vitamínico B. No 28º PO o paciente apresentava-se assintomático e com exame físico normal, quando recebeu alta médica. CONCLUSÕES: A evolução do quadro com o tratamento proposto foi favorável. O diagnóstico e tratamento precoces podem evitar lesões irreversíveis, mudar o prognóstico dos pacientes e evitar desdobramentos de caráter social e médico-legal.

Palavras-chave

COMPLICAÇÕES, DOR, TÉCNICAS ANESTÉSICAS, Regional

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neurologic complications secondary to epidural block are uncommon. Direct mechanical trauma to nerve roots may cause neuropathic pain that, usually, has a favorable evolution; however, it is a potentially severe complication that can evolve into a chronic disorder. The objective of this study was to discuss acute traumatic neuropathic pain and, especially, its treatment. CASE REPORT: A male patient was admitted for surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux via laparoscopy and scheduled to be discharged on the first postoperative (PO) day. He underwent epidural block associated with general anesthesia. During the localization of the epidural space, the patient complained of severe pain in the left lower limb. The needle was repositioned and the epidural space was located. In the PO, the patient developed allodynia and hyperesthesia. Neuropathic pain was diagnosed. Treatment included antidepressant, anticonvulsant, corticosteroids, tramadol, and vitamin B complex. On the 28th PO the patient was asymptomatic and presented a normal physical exam, being discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The patient presented a favorable evolution with the treatment instituted. Early diagnosis and treatment can avoid irreversible lesions, change the prognosis, and avoid social and medical-legal consequences.

Keywords

ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES, Regional, COMPLICATIONS, PAIN

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Dor neuropática após trauma com agulha de peridural

Neuropathic pain after epidural needle trauma

Gilson Cassem Ramos; Eduardo Custódio de O. Gomes

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