Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/rba/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942008000100004
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Anestesia tópica associada à sedação para facoemulsificação: experiência com 312 pacientes

Topical anesthesia associated with sedation for phacoemulsification: experience with 312 patients

Romero Henrique Carvalho Bertrand; João Batista Santos Garcia; Caio Márcio Barros de Oliveira; Adriana Leite Xavier Bertrand

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942008000100004 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.58, n1, p.23-34, 2008
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A anestesia tópica vem ganhando espaço nas operações de catarata, sobretudo após os avanços advindos com a técnica de facoemulsificação. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da anestesia tópica associada à sedação para operações de catarata por facoemulsificação. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo de 312 pacientes, ASA I e II, com idades entre 41 e 89 anos. Foi realizada a facoemulsificação sob anestesia tópica (cinco minutos antes da operação, por gotejamento com proximetacaína a 0,5%) associada à sedação (midazolam, 1 mg, por via venosa, administrado 15 minutos antes da operação). Alfentanil em bolus de 125 µg por via venosa foi administrado sob demanda. Variáveis como dor no intra-operatório, consumo de alfentanil, efeitos colaterais, tempo de recupe\ração e nível de satisfação do paciente foram analisados. RESULTADOS: No período intra-operatório foram observados oito (2,6%) casos de bradicardia, quatro (1,3%) de edema epitelial, dois (0,65%) de náuseas e duas (0,65%) rupturas de cápsula posterior. No pós-operatório foram observados 15 (4,8%) casos de náuseas, seis (1,9%) casos de tonturas, dois (0,65%) casos de vômitos e um (0,32%) caso de bradicardia. O tempo médio de recuperação pós-operatória foi de 21,77 minutos. O consumo de alfentanil variou entre 125 µg e 1.250 µg, com um consumo médio de 537 µg. Trezentos (96,2%) pacientes classificaram a técnica anestésica como boa e 12 (3,8%) pacientes classificaram como regular. Quarenta e dois pacientes relataram dor em algum momento da operação e quatro (1,3%) pacientes disseram que caso necessitassem realizar um novo procedimento de facoemulsificação não gostariam de ser submetidos à mesma técnica anestésica. CONCLUSÕES: A anestesia tópica com sedação em pacientes submetidos a operações de catarata por facoemulsificação, neste estudo, demonstrou eficácia, fácil aplicação e complicações mínimas.

Palavras-chave

ANESTESIA, Local, CIRURGIA, Oftálmica, CIRURGIA, Oftálmica, SEDAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of topical anesthesia in cataract surgeries has been increasing, especially after the development of phacoemulsification. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical anesthesia associated with sedation for cataract extraction by phacoemulsification. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with 312 patients, ASA I and II, ages 41 to 89 years. Phacoemulsification was performed under topical anesthesia (5 minutes before surgery, by dripping 0.5% proximetacaine) associated with sedation (intravenous midazolam, 1 mg, administered 15 minutes before the surgery). Intravenous bolus of alfentanil, 125 µg, were administered under demand. Parameters, such as intraoperative pain, consumption of alfentanil, side effects, recovery time, and level of patient satisfaction were analyzed. RESULTS: In the intraoperative period, 8 (2.6%) cases of bradycardia, 4 (1.3%) of epithelial edema, 2 (0.65%) of nausea, and 2 (0.65%) ruptures of the posterior capsule were observed. In the postoperative period, 15 (4.8%) cases of nausea, 6 (1.9%) cases of dizziness, 2 (0.65%) of vomiting, and 1 (0.32%) case of bradycardia were observed. The mean time of postoperative recovery was 21.77 minutes. Consumption of alfentanil varied from 125 µg to 1250 µg, with a mean consumption of 537 µg. Tree hundred (96.2%) patients classified the technique as good and 12 (3.8%), as regular. Forty-two patients complained of pain sometime during surgery, and 4 (1.3%) patients said that if they needed another phacoemulsification, they would not like to undergo the same anesthetic technique. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, topical anesthesia with sedation of patients undergoing cataract removal by phacoemulsification demonstrated to be effective, easy to apply, and had a very low incidence of complications.

Keywords

ANESTHESIA, Local, SEDATION, SURGERY, Ophthalmologic, SURGERY, Ophthalmologic

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