Medida da ansiedade e da depressão em pacientes no pré-operatório. Estudo comparativo

José Álvaro Marques Marcolino; Fernando Mikio Suzuki; Luís Augusto Cunha Alli; Judymara Lauzi Gozzani; Ligia Andrade da Silva Telles Mathias

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942007000200004

Artigo Científico

Medida da ansiedade e da depressão em pacientes no pré-operatório. Estudo comparativo

Measurement of anxiety and depression in preoperative patients. Comparative study

José Álvaro Marques Marcolino; Fernando Mikio Suzuki; Luís Augusto Cunha Alli; Judymara Lauzi Gozzani; Ligia Andrade da Silva Telles Mathias

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000200004 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n2, p.157-166, 2007

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JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os pacientes que vão ser submetidos a um procedimento cirúrgico experimentam ansiedade. A ansiedade e a depressão são os distúrbios mais associados às doenças físicas. Na Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS) não figuram itens que poderiam estar presentes em doenças físicas e na ansiedade e na depressão. O objetivo deste estudo foi medir a freqüência e o nível da ansiedade e da depressão em pacientes no pré-operatório e em um grupo-controle. MÉTODO: Setenta e nove pacientes internados no Departamento de Cirurgia da Santa Casa de São Paulo e 56 acompanhantes responderam a um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e a HADS. RESULTADOS: A avaliação dos sintomas mostrou que 35 (44,3%) pacientes e 36 (64,3%) acompanhantes foram considerados com ansiedade (teste Exato de Fisher - p = 0,03) e 21 (26,6%) pacientes e 23 (41,1%) acompanhantes foram considerados com depressão (p = 0,09). Com relação ao impacto das variáveis sociodemográficas sobre a medida da ansiedade e da depressão, foi observado apenas que os pacientes desempregados apresentaram nível mais elevado de ansiedade. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo confirmou a possibilidade do uso da escala HADS de ansiedade e depressão em pacientes cirúrgicos internados. Ele mostrou também que a avaliação da ansiedade no período pré-operatório deve ser realizada, independentemente de o paciente apresentar ou não doença clínica e/ou cirúrgica grave, pois a freqüência de pacientes com ansiedade é relevante e estes merecem algum tipo de cuidado diferenciado no mínimo o uso de medicação ansiolítica antes da intervenção cirúrgica. Foram encontrados níveis muito maiores de ansiedade entre os acompanhantes dos pacientes. Essas pessoas, avaliadas sem que houvesse um concomitante problema clínico, possivelmente demonstraram estar expostas a um considerável nível de estresse, o que resultou em estado ansioso maior do que os pacientes que seriam submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico.

Palavras-chave

AVALIAÇÃO PRÉ-ANESTÉSICA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients scheduled for surgeries experience anxiety. Anxiety and depression are the disorders most commonly associated with organic diseases. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) does not include items that could be present in organic diseases and in anxiety and depression. The objective of this study was to measure the frequency and the level of anxiety and depression in preoperative patients and in a control group. METHODS: Seventy-nine patients admitted to the Surgical Department of Santa Casa de São Paulo and 56 caretakers answered a questionnaire on socio-demographic data and the HADS. RESULTS: The evaluation of the symptoms showed that 35 (44.3%) patients and 36 (64.3%) caretakers had anxiety (Fisher Exact test - p = 0.03) and 21 (26.6%) patients and 23 (41.1%) caretakers had depression (p = 0.09). Regarding the impact of the socio-demographic data on the measurement of anxiety and depression, it was only observed that patients that were unemployed had higher anxiety levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that the HADS could be used in hospitalized surgical patients. It also showed that patients should be evaluated preoperatively for anxiety and depression, regardless of the presence of severe clinical and/or surgical disorders, because the frequency of patients with anxiety is relevant and they deserve a differentiated approach - at least the administration of tranquilizers before surgery. Caretakers presented significantly higher levels of anxiety. Those people, evaluated in the absence of concomitant clinical problems, probably demonstrated to be exposed to a considerable level of stress, resulting in a higher anxiety state than the patients scheduled for surgeries.

Keywords

PREANESTHETIC EVALUATION

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Medida da ansiedade e da depressão em pacientes no pré-operatório. Estudo comparativo

Measurement of anxiety and depression in preoperative patients. Comparative study

José Álvaro Marques Marcolino; Fernando Mikio Suzuki; Luís Augusto Cunha Alli; Judymara Lauzi Gozzani; Ligia Andrade da Silva Telles Mathias

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