Avaliação da S(+) cetamina por via oral associada à morfina no tratamento da dor oncológica

Pedro Ishizuka; João Batista Santos Garcia; Rioko Kimiko Sakata; Adriana Machado Issy; Sílvia Letícia Mülich

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942007000100003

Scientific Article

Avaliação da S(+) cetamina por via oral associada à morfina no tratamento da dor oncológica

Assessment of oral S(+) ketamine associated with morphine for the treatment of oncologic pain

Pedro Ishizuka; João Batista Santos Garcia; Rioko Kimiko Sakata; Adriana Machado Issy; Sílvia Letícia Mülich

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942007000100003 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.57, n1, p.19-31, 2007

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A morfina é muito usada para o alívio da dor oncológica. Entretanto, pode ocorrer tolerância com seu uso prolongado. A associação de antagonista de receptores NMDA pode diminuir ou retardar esse fenômeno. A S(+) cetamina parece ser mais potente e com menos efeitos colaterais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação da S(+) cetamina associada à morfina no tratamento da dor oncológica. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados, de forma duplamente encoberta, 30 pacientes divididos em dois grupos. Os do G1 receberam 10 mg de morfina a cada seis horas, associada a 10 mg de S(+) cetamina a cada oito horas, por via oral. Os do G2 receberam 10 mg de morfina a cada seis horas, associada ao placebo a cada oito horas, por via oral. A dose de morfina foi aumentada em 5 mg, quando necessário. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada por meio de escala verbal. RESULTADOS: A porcentagem de dor ausente e leve foi semelhante nos grupos (G1 = 0 e G2 = 0 no M0; G1 = 22,2 e G2 = 53,8 no M1; G1 = 22,2 e G2 = 61,5 no M2; G1 = 44,6 e G2 = 61,5 no M3; e G1 = 44,5 e G2 = 53,8 no M4); teste do Qui-quadrado. Foi observada porcentagem de alívio moderado e completo semelhante nos grupos (G1 = 33,4 e G2 = 53,9 após uma semana; G1 = 44,4 e G2 = 69,2 após duas semanas; G1 = 66,6 e G2 = 69,2 após três semanas; G1 = 55,6 e G2 = 53,9 após quatro semanas); teste do Qui-quadrado. A necessidade de aumento da dose de morfina foi semelhante nos dois grupos (G1 = 2,22 e G2 = 2,15), teste de Mann-Whitney. CONCLUSÕES: Não foi observado aumento do efeito analgésico com 10 mg de S (+) cetamina, administrada a cada oito horas por via oral associada à morfina no tratamento da dor oncológica.

Palavras-chave

ANALGÉSICOS, Opióides, cetamina, DOR, Oncológica

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Morphine is used frequently to treat oncologic pain. However, tolerance may develop with prolonged use. The association of a NMDA receptor antagonist may reduce or delay the onset of tolerance. S(+) ketamine seems to be more potent and with fewer side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of S(+) ketamine and morphine in the treatment of oncologic pain. METHODS: Thirty patients, randomly divided in two groups, participated in this double-blind study. Patients in G1 received 10 mg of morphine PO every 6 hours and 10 mg of S(+) ketamine PO every 8 hours. Patients in G2 received 10 mg of morphine PO every 6 hours and placebo PO every 8 hours. The dose of morphine was adjusted by 5 mg increments whenever necessary. Pain severity was evaluated through a verbal scale. RESULTS: The percentage of no pain and mild pain was similar in both groups (G1 = 0 and G2 = 0 at M0; G1 = 22.2 and G2 = 53.8 at M1; G1 = 22.2 and G2 = 61.5 at M2; G1 = 44.6 and G2 = 61.5 at M3; and G1 = 44.5 and G2 = 53.8 at M4); Chi-square test. The percentage of moderate relief and complete relief was similar in both groups (G1 = 33.4 and G2 = 53.9 after one week; G1 = 44.4 and G2 = 69.2 after two weeks; G1 = 66.6 and G2 = 69.2 after three weeks; and G1 = 55.6 and G2 = 53.9 after four weeks); Chi-square test. The need to increase the dose of morphine was also similar in both groups (G1 = 2.22 and G2 = 2.15); Mann-Whitney test. CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe an increase on the analgesic effects of morphine with the association of 10 mg of S(+) ketamine PO in the treatment of oncologic pain.

Keywords

ANALGESICS, Opioids, ketamine, PAIN, oncologic

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Avaliação da S(+) cetamina por via oral associada à morfina no tratamento da dor oncológica

Assessment of oral S(+) ketamine associated with morphine for the treatment of oncologic pain

Pedro Ishizuka; João Batista Santos Garcia; Rioko Kimiko Sakata; Adriana Machado Issy; Sílvia Letícia Mülich

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