Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/rba/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942006000600005
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Artigo Científico

Análise clínica e terapêutica dos pacientes oncológicos atendidos no programa de dor e cuidados paliativos do Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho no ano de 2003

Clinical and therapeutic analysis of oncology patients treated at the pain and palliative care program of the Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho in 2003

Giselane Lacerda Figueredo Salamonde; Nubia Verçosa; Louis Barrucand; Antônio Filpi Coimbra da Costa

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942006000600005 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.56, n6, p.602-618, 2006
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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os cuidados paliativos têm como meta principal o controle da dor e de outros sintomas nos pacientes com doenças crônicas, sem possibilidade de cura, sobretudo no câncer avançado. A dor intensa acomete 75% dos pacientes com câncer avançado, interferindo na qualidade de vida e segundo a OMS é considerada uma emergência médica mundial. Este estudo avaliou o perfil dos pacientes oncológicos do Programa de Tratamento da Dor Crônica e Cuidados Paliativos do HUCFF/FM/UFRJ, ressaltando a atuação do anestesiologista, as medicações utilizadas, a humanização do tratamento e a melhor qualidade de vida do paciente. MÉTODO: Retrospectivamente, foram analisados os prontuários dos pacientes oncológicos no ano de 2003. Destacaram-se os parâmetros: idade, raça, sexo, doenças preexistentes, órgão de origem do câncer, tipo de dor e outros sintomas, medicações utilizadas, rotinas hospitalares e o término do tratamento. RESULTADOS: Os tipos de dor encontrados foram nociceptiva, neuropática e incidental, avaliadas utilizando-se a escala unidimensional de faces. Verificou-se a analgesia controlada pelo paciente (PCA) com metadona, via oral, em ambiente domiciliar na 1ª semana. Após esse período, o paciente retornava ao ambulatório para o cálculo da dose regular da metadona. Outros opióides utilizados foram codeína, tramadol, morfina e oxicodona. Além da dor, os pacientes apresentaram: constipação, náuseas, vômitos, delirium, alteração do sono e dispnéia. Os neurolépticos, corticóides e laxantes foram usados como fármacos adjuvantes. CONCLUSÕES: A analgesia controlada pelo paciente utilizando a metadona mostrou-se segura e eficaz pela não-ocorrência de efeitos colaterais significativos. O conhecimento clínico e farmacológico do anestesiologista na equipe multiprofissional proporcionou melhor atendimento para o alívio dos sintomas dos pacientes e humanização no período final de vida.

Palavras-chave

ANALGÉSICOS, Opióides, CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS, DOR, Oncológica, DOR, Oncológica

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The main goal of palliative care is the control of pain and other symptoms in patients with chronic diseases without possibility of cure, especially advanced cancer. About 75% of patients with advanced cancer experience severe pain, which interferes with quality of life and, according to the WHO, it is considered a worldwide medical emergency. This study evaluated the profile of oncology patients enrolled in the Chronic Pain Treatment and Palliative Care Program of the HUCFF/FM/UFRJ, focusing on the role of the anesthesiologist, medications used, humanization of the treatment, and improvement in patient's quality of life. METHODS: The 2003-oncology patients' charts were analyzed retrospectively. Several parameters were compared: age, race, gender, preexisting conditions organ the cancer originated from, type of pain and other symptoms, medications, hospital routine, and end of treatment. RESULTS: The types of pain included nociceptive, neuropathic, and incidental, which were evaluated using the unidimensional faces pain rating scale. In the first week, patients were treated with home-based patient controlled analgesia (PCA) with oral methadone. After this period, the patient returned to the clinic to calculate the regular dose of methadone. Other opioids used included codeine, tramadol, morphine, and oxycodone. Besides pain, patients experienced: constipation, vomiting, delirium, sleep disturbances, and dyspnea. Neuroleptics, corticosteroids, and laxatives were also used as adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Patient controlled analgesia with methadone is safe and effective, since there were no significant side effects. The clinical and pharmacological knowledge of the anesthesiologist in the multidisciplinary team provided for better patient care, relief of symptoms, and humanization of the final stages of life.

Keywords

ANALGESICS, Opioids, PALLIATIVE CARE, PAIN, Oncologic, PAIN, Oncologic

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