Bloqueio neuromuscular prolongado após administração de mivacúrio: relato de caso

Karina Bernardi Pimenta

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942005000500011

Clinical Information

Bloqueio neuromuscular prolongado após administração de mivacúrio: relato de caso

Prolonged neuromuscular block after mivacurium: case report

Karina Bernardi Pimenta

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942005000500011 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.55, n5, p.552-557, 2005

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Com a introdução de novos fármacos com ação de curta duração, houve aumento do número de procedimentos realizados em caráter ambulatorial. O mivacúrio com duração de ação entre 15 e 30 minutos e metabolismo enzimático tornou-se opção de bloqueador neuromuscular para estes procedimentos. O relato de caso tem como objetivo chamar a atenção para a ocorrência de bloqueio neuromuscular prolongado após administração do mivacúrio e as condutas que foram adotadas. RELATO DO CASO: Descreve-se um caso de paciente programado para procedimento de curta duração em regime ambulatorial e que apresentou bloqueio neuromuscular prolongado após administração do mivacúrio. O diagnóstico foi posteriormente confirmado pela demonstração de níveis reduzidos de atividade da colinestesterase plasmática. CONCLUSÕES: A investigação laboratorial pré-operatória, mesmo incluindo a dosagem da atividade da colinesterase, não previne a possibilidade do bloqueio neuromuscular prolongado devido à possibilidade de alteração qualitativa da atividade da enzima, não existindo recomendação para investigação sistemática. Ocorrendo esta complicação, deve-se sedar o paciente e manter ventilação mecânica até a completa recuperação da força muscular e realizar exames laboratoriais para o diagnóstico definitivo. É de responsabilidade do anestesiologista a coleta de amostra sangüínea para realização de testes quantitativos e qualitativos da colinesterase plasmática. Paciente e familiares devem ser orientados quanto à importância da investigação para classificação da variante atípica da colinesterase plasmática e suas implicações anestésicas.

Palavras-chave

BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With the introduction of new drugs with short action, there has been increase in the number of outpatient procedures. Mivacurium, with duration of action of 15-30 minutes and enzymatic metabolism has become the neuromuscular blocker of choice for these procedures. This case report aim at calling the attention to prolonged neuromuscular block after mivacurium and its management approaches. CASE REPORT: Patient scheduled for outpatient procedure presenting prolonged neuromuscular block after mivacurium. Diagnosis was confirmed by low plasma cholinesterase activity. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative laboratory screening, even including plasma cholinesterase activity testing, will not prevent the possibility of prolonged neuromuscular block due to possible qualitative enzymatic activity abnormality, and there is no recommendation for its systematic investigation. In the presence of this complication, patient should be sedated and maintained under mechanical ventilation until total muscle strength recovery. Laboratory tests should be requested for final diagnosis. It is the anesthesiologists duty to collect blood samples for quantitative and qualitative plasma cholinesterase tests. Patient and relatives should be counseled about the importance of the investigation to classify the atypical variant of plasma cholinesterase and its anesthetic complications.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS

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Bloqueio neuromuscular prolongado após administração de mivacúrio: relato de caso

Prolonged neuromuscular block after mivacurium: case report

Karina Bernardi Pimenta

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