Resumo
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A doença de von Willebrand é a alteração inata da coagulação mais freqüente em mulheres jovens. A infecção por HIV tem mostrado incidência progressivamente maior em mulheres, constatando-se transmissão vertical em até 25% dos casos. O objetivo deste relato é mostrar o caso de uma paciente com doença de von Willebrand e HIV positivo submetida à cesariana. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente de 24 anos, portadora de anemia microcítica, doença de von Willebrand e HIV, chegou à emergência obstétrica em início de trabalho de parto. Não realizou pré-natal. Foi indicada cesariana a fim de diminuir os riscos de transmissão vertical em paciente com carga viral de HIV desconhecida. Apresentava hematomas pelo corpo e história de hematoma de parede abdominal em cesariana anterior. Os testes de coagulação eram pouco alterados. Após infusão de concentrado de fator VIII foi realizada anestesia geral. Mãe e recém-nascido apresentaram evolução satisfatória. CONCLUSÕES: A avaliação de manifestações clínicas em pacientes com coagulopatia é fundamental na decisão do tipo de anestesia a ser indicada para cada paciente. A avaliação deve ser individualizada, considerando os riscos e benefícios da técnica escolhida. Nestas pacientes, deve-se sempre restringir ao máximo a indicação de interrupção da gestação por via alta, optando-se sempre pelos métodos menos invasivos. A terapia com concentrado de fator VIII é atualmente a melhor opção de tratamento, corrigindo a deficiência específica e diminuindo os riscos de transmissão viral.
Palavras-chave
CIRURGIA, CIRURGIA, DOENÇAS, DOENÇAS
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Von Willebrand's disease is the most common hereditary coagulation disorder in young women. The incidence of HIV infection among women has been progressively increasing, and vertical transmission may account for 25% of cases. This report aimed at describing the case of an HIV-positive patient with von Willebrand's disease scheduled for cesarean section. CASE REPORT: Female HIV-positive patient, 24 years old, with microcytic anemia and von Willebrand's disease, admitted to the emergency room in early labor. She had no pre-natal care. Cesarean section was indicated to lower vertical transmission risks since HIV viral count was unknown. Patient had hematomas on both arms and legs and history of abdominal wall hematoma in previous cesarean section. Coagulation tests were mildly changed. General anesthesia was induced after factor VIII concentrate infusion. Both mother and newborn had satisfactory outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical evaluation of patients with coagulopathies is critical for determining the anesthetic technique. Evaluation should be individualized, considering risks and benefits of the technique. Cesarean section for these patients should be avoided whenever possible and replaced by less invasive methods. Factor VIII concentrate therapy is the best treatment option for correcting specific deficiency and lowering viral transmission risks.
Keywords
DISEASES, DISEASES, SURGERY, SURGERY
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