Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/rba/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000100013
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Miscellaneous

Influência da clonidina por via venosa no custo de anestesia com sevoflurano em cirurgias de ouvido médio em regime ambulatorial

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JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A clonidina é um agente a2-agonista que diminui o consumo de anestésicos venosos e inalatórios. Este estudo visou avaliar a relação custo-benefício da medicação pré-anestésica com clonidina por via venosa em anestesia geral com sevoflurano em regime ambulatorial. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo encoberto, aleatório, controlado com placebo, realizado com pacientes com idade entre 15 e 52 anos. Os pacientes foram divididos em 3 grupos de 15: Grupo S (placebo), Grupo C3 (clonidina 3 µg.kg-1) e Grupo C5 (5 µg.kg-1). A indução anestésica foi feita com sevoflurano, alfentanil (30 µg.kg-1) e pancurônio (0,08 mg.kg-1). Foram anotados a freqüência de complicações, consumo de halogenados, tempo de anestesia, tempo de recuperação fase I e II. A análise de custos considerou gastos diretos e indiretos. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação aos dados demográficos, freqüência de complicações e tempo para recuperação anestésica fase I. A recuperação anestésica fase II foi prolongada no grupo C5 (p < 0,05). O consumo de sevoflurano por minuto de cirurgia foi 0.54 ± 0,14 no grupo S e 0,33 ± 0,09 e 0,34 ± 0,13 nos grupos C3 e C5, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Nos grupos que receberam clonidina, o custo foi diminuído em aproximadamente 35%. CONCLUSÕES: A clonidina (3 µg.kg-1) por via venosa diminui o consumo de sevoflurano sem aumentar o tempo de recuperação fase II. A dose de 5 µg.kg-1, apesar de diminuir o consumo de sevoflurano, prolonga a recuperação fase II, não se adequando ao regime ambulatorial.
ANESTESIA, ANESTÉSICOS, Volátil, DROGAS, a2- agonista

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clonidine is an a2-agonist which decreases intravenous and inhalational anesthetics consumption. This study aimed at evaluating the cost-benefit ratio of preanesthetic medication with intravenous clonidine for general anesthesia with sevoflurane in outpatient procedures.
METHODS: Forty five patients aged 15 to 52 years were included in this double-blind, randomized and placebo controlled study, and were distributed in 3 groups of 15: Group S (placebo), Group C3 (3 µg.kg-1 clonidine) and Group C5 (5 µg.kg-1 clonidine). Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane, alfentanil (30 µg.kg-1) and pancuronium (0.08 mg.kg-1). The following parameters were recorded: incidence of complications, halogenate consumption and anesthesia duration, as well as phase I and II recovery time. Cost analysis has considered direct and indirect costs.
RESULTS: There were no differences among groups in demographics data, incidence of complications and phase I anesthetic recovery. Phase II anesthetic recovery was prolonged in Group C5 (p < 0.05). Sevoflurane consumption per minute of surgery was 0.54 ± 0.14, 0.33 ± 0.09 and 0.34 ± 0.13 in Groups S, C3 and C5 respectively (p < 0.05). Costs were approximately 35% lower in the clonidine groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous clonidine (3 µg.kg-1) decreases sevoflurane consumption without prolonging phase I recovery. Although decreasing sevoflurane consumption, 5 µg.kg-1 clonidine prolongs phase II recovery, thus being inadequate for outpatient procedures.

ANESTHESIA: Ambulatory; ANESTHETICS, Volatile: sevoflurane; DRUGS, a2- agonist: clonidine

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