Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/rba/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942004000100002
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Scientific Article

Influência da freqüência de estímulos na instalação do bloqueio neuromuscular produzido pelo rocurônio e pancurônio: avaliação pelo método acelerográfico

Influence of stimulation frequency on rocuronium and pancuronium-induced neuromuscular block onset. Acceleromyography evaluation

Derli da Conceição Munhóz; Angélica de Fátima de Assunção Braga; Glória Maria Braga Potério

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Fatores relacionados ao paciente e ao bloqueador neuromuscular (BNM), assim como outros inerentes à monitorização da função neuromuscular podem influenciar na instalação do bloqueio neuromuscular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de duas diferentes freqüências de estímulos sobre o tempo de instalação do bloqueio produzido pelo pancurônio e pelo rocurônio. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos no estudo 120 pacientes, estado físico ASA I e II, submetidos a cirurgias eletivas sob anestesia geral, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, de acordo com a freqüência de estímulo empregada, para a monitorização do bloqueio neuromuscular: Grupo I - 0,1 Hz (n = 60) e Grupo II - 1 Hz (n = 60). Em cada grupo formaram-se dois subgrupos (n = 30) de acordo com o bloqueador neuromuscular empregado: Subgrupo P (pancurônio) e Subgrupo R (rocurônio). A medicação pré-anestésica consistiu de midazolam (0,1 mg.kg-1) por via muscular, 30 minutos antes da cirurgia. A indução anestésica foi obtida com propofol (2,5 mg.kg-1) precedido de alfentanil (50 µg.kg-1) e seguido de pancurônio ou rocurônio. Os pacientes foram ventilados sob máscara com oxigênio a 100% até a obtenção de redução de 75% ou mais na amplitude da resposta do músculo adutor do polegar, quando foram realizadas as manobras de laringoscopia e intubação traqueal. A função neuromuscular foi monitorizada com aceleromiografia. Foram avaliados: tempo de início de ação do pancurônio e do rocurônio; tempo para instalação do bloqueio total e condições de intubação traqueal. RESULTADOS: Os tempos médios (segundos) para o início de ação e instalação de bloqueio neuromuscular total produzido pelo pancurônio foram: Grupo I (159,33 ± 35,22 e 222 ± 46,56) e Grupo II (77,83 ± 9,52 e 105,96 ± 15,58); para o rocurônio: Grupo I (83 ± 17,25 e 125,33 ± 20,12) e Grupo II (48,96 ± 10,16 e 59,83 ± 10,36) com diferença significativa entre os grupos. As condições de intubação traqueal foram satisfatórias em 117 pacientes (97,5%) e insatisfatórias em 3 (2,5%). CONCLUSÕES: O início de ação e o tempo para obtenção do bloqueio neuromuscular total no músculo adutor do polegar, produzidos pelo rocurônio e pelo pancurônio, são mais curtos quando há emprego de maiores freqüências de estímulos.

Palavras-chave

BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, Adespolarizantes, BLOQUEADORES NEUROMUSCULARES, Adespolarizantes, MONITORIZAÇÃO

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Factors associated to patients and neuromuscular blockers (NMB), as well as others inherent to neuromuscular function monitoring, may affect neuromuscular block onset. This study aimed at the influence of two different stimulation frequencies on rocuronium and pancuronium-induced neuromuscular block.
METHODS: Participated in this study 120 patients, physical status ASA I and II, submitted to elective procedures under general anesthesia, who were randomly allocated in two groups, according to the stimulation frequency employed to monitor neuromuscular block: Group I - 0.1 Hz (n = 60) and Group II - 1 Hz (n = 60). Two subgroups were formed within each group (n = 30), according to the neuromuscular blocker: Subgroup P (pancuronium) and Subgroup R (rocuronium). Patients were premedicated with muscular midazolam (0.1 mg.kg-1), 30 minutes before surgery. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2.5 mg.kg-1) preceded by alfentanil (50 µg.kg-1) and followed by pancuronium or rocuronium. Patients were ventilated under mask with 100% oxygen until 75% or more decrease in adductor pollicis muscle response, when laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were performed. Neuromuscular function was monitored by acceleration transducer. The following parameters were evaluated: pancuronium and rocuronium onset time; time for complete block and tracheal intubation conditions.
RESULTS: Mean times (seconds) for pancuronium-induced neuromuscular block onset and for complete neuromuscular block were: Group I (159.33 ± 35,22 and 222 ± 46.56) and Group II (77.83 ± 9.52 and 105.96 ± 15.58); rocuronium-induced values were: Group I (83 ± 17.25 and 125.33 ± 20.12) and Group II (48.96 ± 10.16 and 59.83 ± 10.36) with statistical difference between groups. Tracheal intubation conditions were satisfactory in 117 patients (97.5%) and unsatisfactory in 3 (2.5%).
CONCLUSIONS: Rocuronium and pancuronium-induced neuromuscular block onset and time required for complete adductor pollicis muscle neuromuscular block are shorter when higher stimulation frequencies are applied.

Keywords

MONITORING: acceleromyography; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKERS, Nondepolarizing: pancuronium; rocuronium

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