Sedação e analgesia em terapia intensiva

Fábio Ely Martins Benseñor; Domingos Dias Cicarelli

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942003000500016

Review Article

Sedação e analgesia em terapia intensiva

Sedation and analgesia in intensive care

Fábio Ely Martins Benseñor; Domingos Dias Cicarelli

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000500016 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n5, p.680-693, 2003

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A ansiedade e a dor podem causar maior desconforto e risco aumentado de complicações no pós-operatório de pacientes cirúrgicos, prolongando inclusive seu tempo de internação. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar os conceitos de sedação e analgesia em terapia intensiva, atualizando os conhecimentos e permitindo a revisão das informações disponíveis na literatura, assim como os consensos já publicados. CONTEÚDO: Apresentamos separadamente a sedação e analgesia, revisando cada grupo de fármacos disponível na prática clínica, suas características principais bem como seus efeitos colaterais mais importantes. Acrescentamos alguns protocolos utilizados em nossa UTI para analgesia e sedação, assim como as conclusões do último consenso do Colégio Americano de Medicina Intensiva e da Sociedade Americana de Terapia Intensiva. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar do grande arsenal terapêutico disponível na prática clínica, nota-se um grande desconhecimento das principais características dos fármacos utilizados para sedação e analgesia em terapia intensiva. Os consensos realizados tentam difundir as qualidades e efeitos colaterais dos fármacos mais utilizados, normatizando seu uso, tornando a analgesia e sedação realizadas nas UTI, procedimentos que beneficiem e recuperem mais rapidamente os pacientes.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, SEDAÇÃO, TERAPIA INTENSIVA

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain and anxiety may cause major discomfort, increase the risk for postoperative complications in surgical patients and may even prolong their hospital stay. This study aimed at reviewing concepts of sedation and analgesia in intensive care, updating knowledge and reviewing information available in the literature as well as already published consensus. CONTENTS: Sedation and analgesia are presented in separate, reviewing each group of available drugs, their major characteristics and side-effects. We have included some protocols used in our ICU for analgesia and sedation as well as the conclusions of the latest consensus of the American College of Critical Care Medicine and the Society of Critical Care Medicine. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the therapeutic armamentarium available, there is a lack of understanding about major characteristics of drugs used for sedation and analgesia in Intensive Care. Developed consensus try to explain qualities and side-effects of most popular drugs, normalizing their use for ICU analgesia and sedation to benefit and faster recover patients.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, INTENSIVE CARE, SEDATION

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Sedação e analgesia em terapia intensiva

Sedation and analgesia in intensive care

Fábio Ely Martins Benseñor; Domingos Dias Cicarelli

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