Alergia ao látex

Jorge Barrios Allarcon; Maurício Malito; Herman Linde; Marcos Euder Mendonça Brito

doi:10.1590/S0034-70942003000100012

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Alergia ao látex

Latex allergy

Jorge Barrios Allarcon; Maurício Malito; Herman Linde; Marcos Euder Mendonça Brito

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-70942003000100012 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.53, n1, p.89-96, 2003

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JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O látex, (cis 1,4 polyisoprene) está muito presente no dia-a-dia do anestesiologista. Os primeiros relatos de alergia ao látex datam de 1933. A sensibilidade ao látex na população de anestesiologistas é de 12,5% a 15,8%. A incidência de sensibilidade ao látex aumenta muito em grupos específicos, podendo produzir reações graves e até mesmo fatais. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto, abordando este tema de interesse para o anestesiologista, considerando diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento da alergia ao látex. CONTEÚDO: Os estudos sobre a prevalência das reações alérgicas ao látex variam muito conforme a população estudada e os métodos utilizados para estabelecer a sensibilidade ao antígeno. Mesmo com estas variações, existem alguns grupos em que o risco é elevado, particularmente em pacientes com distúrbio na formação do tubo neural. As manifestações clínicas variam desde dermatite de contato até anafilaxia e óbito. O diagnóstico precoce com pesquisa de IgE pode prevenir as reações de hipersensibilidade. CONCLUSÕES: É de extrema importância o diagnóstico precoce da alergia ao látex. A abordagem desses pacientes em ambientes livres de látex evitam a sensibilização e evolução muitas vezes para quadros dramáticos.

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COMPLICAÇÕES, COMPLICAÇÕES

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Latex products very present in the Anesthesiology practice. The first latex allergy report dates from 1933. The incidence of latex sensitivity among anesthesiologists is 12.5% to 15.8%. It increases in some specific groups leading to dangerous reactions and even to lethal cases. The purpose of this study was to review literature on such important subject to the anesthesiologist, addressing diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of latex allergy. CONTENTS: Studies on the prevalence of latex allergy differ a lot because different populations are evaluated with different methods to establish the sensitivity to the antigen. In spite of those variations there are some very high-risk groups, especially disabled children with neural tube defects. Clinical presentations vary from cutaneous eruptions to anaphylaxis and death. Early diagnosis with IgE evaluation may prevent such reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The early diagnosis of latex allergy is critically important. Dealing with these patients in latex-free environments prevents sensitization and, very often, the evolution to dramatic situations.

Keywords

COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS

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Alergia ao látex

Latex allergy

Jorge Barrios Allarcon; Maurício Malito; Herman Linde; Marcos Euder Mendonça Brito

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