Raquianestesia com lidocaína a 2% pura em cirurgias ortopédicas de curta duração: estudo em 250 pacientes
Spinal anesthesia with 2% plain lidocaine for short orthopedic surgery: study in 250 patients
Luiz Eduardo Imbelloni
Resumo
Palavras-chave
Abstract
Keywords
Referencias
Drasner K, Rigler ML, Sessler DI. Cauda equina syndrome following intend epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1992;77:582-585.
Schneider M, Ettlin T, Kaufmann M. Transient neurologic toxicity after hyperbaric subarachnoid anesthesia with 5% lidocaine. Anesth Analg. 1993;76:1154-1157.
Salmela L, Aromaa U, Cozanitis DA. Leg and back pain after spinal anaesthesia involving hyperbaric 5% lignocaine. Anaesthesia. 1996;51:391-393.
Snyder R, Hui G, Flugstad P. More cases of possible neurologic toxicity associated with single subarachnoid injections of 5% hyperbaric lidocaine. Anesth Analg. 1994;78:411.
Davis H. Specific gravity and density. Anesthesiology. 1976;44:270-271.
Rosemberg H, Goldberger N. Density of local anesthetics: clinical implications. Reg Anesth. 1978;3:4-5.
Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ. Density, specific gravity, and baricity of spinal anesthetic solutions at body temperature. Anesth Analg. 1993;76:1015-1018.
Imbelloni LE, Carneiro ANG. Efeito da postura nas características do bloqueio subaracnóideo com lidocaína 2% pura. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 1998;48:1-6.
Lawrence VS, Rich CR, Magistsky L. Spinal anesthesia with isobaric lidocaine 2% and the effect of phenylephrine. Reg Anesth. 1984;9:17-21.
Imbelloni LE, Carneiro ANG, Sobral MGC. Anestesia subaracnóidea isobárica com lidocaína 2%. Efeitos de diferentes volumes. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 1992;42:131-135.
Johnson A, Taylor S. Spinal anaesthesia with 2% plain xylocaine in the elderly. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1990;18:153-155.
Sheskey MC, Rocco AG, Bizzarri-Schmid M. A dose-response study of bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1983;62:931-935.
Imbelloni LE, Sobral MGC. Influencia da idade na anestesia subaracnóidea com bupivacaína 0,5% isobárica. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 1991;41:167-171.
Pitkanen M, Haapaniemi L, Tuominen M. Influence of age on spinal anesthesia with isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth. 1984;56:279-284.
Cameron AE, Arnold RW, Ghoris MW. Spinal analgesia using bupivacaine 0.5% plain: Variation in the extent of the block with patient age. Anaesthesia. 1981;36:318-322.
Hampl KF, Schneider M, Ummenhofer W. Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1995;81:1148-1153.
Imbelloni LE, Sobral MGC, Carneiro ANG. Incidencia e causas de falhas em anestesia subaracnóidea em Hospital Particular: estudo prospectivo. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 1995;45:159-164.
Moore DC. Spinal anesthesia: bupivacaine compared with tetracaine. Anesth Analg. 1980;59:743-750.
Ewart MC, Rubin AP. Subarachnoid block with hyperbaric lignocaine. Anaesthesia. 1987;42:1183-1187.
Toft P, Bruun-Morgensen C, Kristensen J. A comparison of glucose-free 2% lidocaine and hyperbaric 5% lidocaine for spinal anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1990;34:109-113.
McKeown DW, Stewart K, Littlewood DG. Spinal anesthesia with plain solutions of lidocaine (2%) and bupivacaine (0.5%). eg Anesth. 1986;11:68-71.
Berry FR. 2% lignocaine for anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1990;18:581.
Kristensen J, Helbo-Hansen HS, Toft P. Spinal anaesthesia with glucose-free 2% lignocaine: Effect of different volumes. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1989;33:53-57.
Kalso E, Tuominen M, Rosenberg PH. Effect of posture and some CSF characteristics on spinal anaesthesia with isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth. 1982;54:1179-1184.
Freedman JM, De-Kun Li, Drasner K. Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia: an epidemiologic study of 1,863 patients. Anesthesiology. 1998;89:633-641.
Pollock JE, Neal JM, Stephenson CA. Prospective study of the incidence of transient radicular irritation in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1996;84:1361-1367.
Hampl KF, Schneider MC, Pargger JM. A similar incidence of transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anesthesia with 2% and 5% lidocaine. Anesth Analg. 1996;83:1051-1054.
Pollock JE, Liu SS, Neal JM. Dilution of spinal lidocaine does not after the incidence of transient neurologic symptoms. Anesthesiology. 1999;90:445-450.
Salazar F, Bogdanovich A, Adalia R. Transient neurologic symptoms after spinal anaesthesia using isobaric 2% mepivacaine and isobaric 2% lidocaine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45:240-245.
Imbelloni LE, Sobral MGC, Carneiro ANG. Cefaléia pós-raquianestesia e o desenho das agulhas. Experiência com 5050 casos. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2001;1:43-52.