Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/rba/article/doi/10.1590/S0034-70942001000500011
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Review Article

Analgesia preemptiva

Preemptive analgesia

João Batista Santos Garcia; Adriana Machado Issy; Rioko Kimiko Sakata

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Resumo

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O controle da dor pós-operatória tem sido muito investigado nas últimas décadas, quando se verificou que a analgesia pós-operatória era inadequada. O termo "preemptiva" implica em uma forma de analgesia que, iniciada antes do estímulo doloroso ser gerado, previne ou diminui a dor subseqüente. Este estudo tem como objetivo uma atualização sobre analgesia preemptiva possibilitando novas alternativas para o tratamento da dor pós-operatória. CONTEÚDO: A analgesia preemptiva foi recomendada para prevenir a dor causada por mudanças no sistema nervoso central durante o ato operatório, devido à não supressão da condução do estímulo doloroso para o encéfalo. Vários estudos tanto laboratoriais como clínicos têm sido realizados com o intuito de demonstrar efeito preemptivo de métodos de analgesia, porém os resultados ainda são discutíveis e conflitantes. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de existir algumas evidências clínicas do efeito da analgesia preemptiva, há necessidade de mais estudos para elucidar o real valor desse tipo de analgesia no controle da dor pós-operatória.

Palavras-chave

ANALGESIA, Preemptiva

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postoperative pain control started to be more investigated in the last decade, when it has been observed that postoperative analgesia was inadequate. The word preemptive implies a type of analgesia which, induced before pain stimulation, prevents or minimizes subsequent pain. This study is an update on preemptive analgesia and provides new alternatives for postoperative pain relief. CONTENTS: Preemptive analgesia is recommended to prevent pain caused by central nervous system changes during surgery in consequence of the non-suppression of painful stimuli conduction to the brain. Many experimental studies in animals and humans have been performed to show a preemptive effect, but results are still unclear. CONCLUSIONS: Although some clinical evidences of the effects of preemptive analgesia, more studies are needed to determine the real value of this type of analgesia in controlling postoperative pain.

Keywords

ANALGESIA, Preemptive

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