1. Di Marzo V, Piscitelli F. The Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Phytocannabinoids. Neurotherapeutics. 2015; 12:692−8.

2. Sideris A, Lauzadis J, Kaczocha M. The Basic Science of Cannabinoids. Anesth Analg. 2024;138:42−53.

3. Safi K, Sobieraj J, B»aszkiewicz M, _ Zy»a J, Salata B, Dzierzanowski T. Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol for Pain _ Treatment-An Update on the Evidence. Biomedicines. 2024; 12:307.

4. Veress G, Meszar Z, Muszil D, et al. Characterisation of cannabinoid 1 receptor expression in the perikarya, and peripheral and spinal processes of primary sensory neurons. Brain Struct Funct. 2013;218:733−50.

5. Bie B, Wu J, Foss JF, Naguib M. An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2018;31:407−14.

6. Zimmer A, Zimmer AM, Hohmann AG, Herkenham M, Bonner TI. Increased mortality, hypoactivity, and hypoalgesia in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:5780−5.

7. Agarwal N, Pacher P, Tegeder I, et al. Cannabinoids mediate analgesia largely via peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nociceptors. Nat Neurosci. 2007;10:870−9.

8. Soliman N, Haroutounian S, Hohmann AG, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids, cannabis-based medicines, and endocannabinoid system modulators tested for antinociceptive effects in animal models of injuryrelated or pathological persistent pain. Pain. 2021;162(1): S26−44.

9. Fisher E, Moore RA, Fogarty AE, et al. Cannabinoids, cannabis, and cannabis-based medicine for pain management: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Pain. 2021;162(1): S45−66.

10. McDonagh MS, Morasco BJ, Wagner J, et al. Cannabis-Based Products for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175:1143−53.

11. Slawek DE, Curtis SA, Arnsten JH, Cunningham CO. Clinical Approaches to Cannabis: A Narrative Review. Med Clin North Am. 2022;106:131−52.

12. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; 2017.

13. Stockings E, Campbell G, Hall WD, et al. Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of people with chronic noncancer pain conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and observational studies. Pain. 2018;159:1932−54.

14. Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015;313:2456−73. Erratum in: JAMA. 2015;314:520. Erratum in: JAMA. 2015;314:837. Erratum in: JAMA. 2015;314:2308. Erratum in: JAMA. 2016;315:1522.

15. Ware MA, Wang T, Shapiro S, Collet JP. COMPASS study team. Cannabis for the Management of Pain: Assessment of Safety Study (COMPASS). J Pain. 2015;16:1233−42.

16. de Barros GAM, Pos AM, Sousa AM, et al. Cannabinoid products ^ for pain management: recommendations from the Sao Paulo ~ State Society of Anesthesiology. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2024.844513. Online ahead of print.