Intraoperative fluid balance and cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: a multicenter prospective study
Balanço hídrico intraoperatório e cirurgia cardíaca associados à lesão renal aguda: um estudo prospectivo multicêntrico
Henrique Palomba, Ricardo E. Treml, Tulio Caldonazo, Henrique T. Katayama, Brenno C. Gomes, Luiz M.S. Malbouisson, Joao Manoel Silva Junior
Abstract
Background
Recent data suggest the regime of fluid therapy intraoperatively in patients undergoing major surgeries may interfere in patient outcomes. The development of postoperative Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has been associated with both Restrictive Fluid Balance (RFB) and Liberal Fluid Balance (LFB) during non-cardiac surgery. In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, this influence remains unclear. The study objective was to evaluate the relationship between intraoperative RFB vs. LFB and the incidence of Cardiac-Surgery-Associated AKI (CSA-AKI) and major postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing on-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG).
Methods
This prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study was set at two high-complexity university hospitals in Brazil. Adult patients who required postoperative intensive care after undergoing elective on-pump CABG were allocated to two groups according to their intraoperative fluid strategy (RFB or LFB) with no intervention.
Results
The primary endpoint was CSA-AKI. The secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, cardiovascular complications, ICU Length of Stay (ICU-LOS), and Hospital LOS (H-LOS). After propensity score matching, 180 patients remained in each group. There was no difference in risk of CSA-AKI between the two groups (RR = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.85-1.56, p = 0.36). The in-hospital mortality, H-LOS and cardiovascular complications were higher in the LFB group. ICU-LOS was not significantly different between the two groups. ROCcurve analysis determined a fluid balance above 2500 mL to accurately predict in-hospital mortality.
Conclusion
Patients undergoing on-pump CABG with LFB when compared with patients with RFB present similar CSA-AKI rates and ICU-LOS, but higher in-hospital mortality, cardiovascular complications, and H-LOS.
Keywords
Resumo
Justificativa: Dados recentes sugerem que o regime de fluidoterapia intraoperatória em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de grande porte pode interferir nos resultados dos pacientes. O desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda (LRA) pós-operatória tem sido associado tanto ao equilíbrio hídrico restritivo (EHR) quanto ao equilíbrio hídrico liberal (EHL) durante a cirurgia não cardíaca. Em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca, essa influência permanece incerta. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a relação entre RFB intraoperatório vs. BLF e a incidência de LRA associada à cirurgia cardíaca (LRA-ACC) e principais desfechos pós-operatórios em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio (CRM). Métodos: Este estudo de coorte observacional, multicêntrico e prospectivo foi realizado em dois hospitais universitários de alta complexidade no Brasil. Pacientes adultos que necessitaram de cuidados intensivos pós-operatórios após cirurgia eletiva de CRM com CEC foram alocados em dois grupos de acordo com sua estratégia de fluidos intraoperatórios (EHR ou EHL) sem intervenção. Resultados: O desfecho primário foi LRA-ACC. Os desfechos secundários foram mortalidade hospitalar, complicações cardiovasculares, tempo de permanência na UTI (TDP-UTI) e internação hospitalar (TDP-H). Após o emparelhamento do escore de propensão, 180 pacientes permaneceram em cada grupo. Não houve diferença no risco de LRA-ACC entre os dois grupos (RR = 1,15; IC 95%, 0,85-1,56, p = 0,36). A mortalidade hospitalar, TDP-H e complicações cardiovasculares foram maiores no grupo BLF. TDP-UTI não foi significativamente diferente entre os dois grupos. A análise da curva ROC determinou um balanço hídrico acima de 2.500 ml para prever com precisão a mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Conclusão: Pacientes submetidos a CRM com CEC com EHL quando comparados com pacientes com RFB apresentam taxas semelhantes de LRA-ACC e internação em UTI, mas maior mortalidade intra-hospitalar, complicações cardiovasculares e TDP-H.
Palavras-chave
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Submitted date:
02/18/2022
Accepted date:
07/24/2022