Clinical application of thoracic paravertebral anesthetic block in breast surgeries

Sara Socorro Faria; Renato Santiago Gomez

doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2013.07.018

Review Article

Clinical application of thoracic paravertebral anesthetic block in breast surgeries

Aplicação clínica do bloqueio anestésico paravertebral torácico em operações de mama

Sara Socorro Faria; Renato Santiago Gomez

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2013.07.018 Braz J Anesthesiol, vol.65, n2, p.147-154, 2015

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Optimum treatment for postoperative pain has been of fundamental importance in surgical patient care. Among the analgesic techniques aimed at this group of patients, thoracic paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia stands out for the good results and favorable risk-benefit ratio. Many local anesthetics and other adjuvant drugs are being investigated for use in this technique, in order to improve the quality of analgesia and reduce adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of paravertebral block compared to other analgesic and anesthetic regimens in women undergoing breast cancer surgeries. METHODS: Integrative literature review from 1966 to 2012, using specific terms in computerized databases of articles investigating the clinical characteristics, adverse effects, and beneficial effects of thoracic paravertebral block. RESULTS: On the selected date, 16 randomized studies that met the selection criteria established for this literature review were identified. Thoracic paravertebral block showed a significant reduction of postoperative pain, as well as decreased pain during arm movement after surgery. CONCLUSION: Thoracic paravertebral block reduced postoperative analgesic requirement compared to placebo group, markedly within the first 24 h. The use of this technique could ensure postoperative analgesia of clinical relevance. Further studies with larger populations are necessary, as paravertebral block seems to be promising for preemptive analgesia in breast cancer surgery.

Keywords

Paravertebral block, Breast cancer, Postoperative complications

Resumo

INTRODUçÃO: o adequado tratamento da dor pós-operatória tem sido de fundamental importância nos cuidados com o paciente cirúrgico. Entre as técnicas de analgesia direcionadas para esse grupo de pacientes, o bloqueio paravertebral torácico combinado com a anestesia geral se destaca pelos bons resultados e pela favorável relação risco-benefício. Muitos anestésicos locais e outros fármacos adjuvantes vêm sendo investigados para uso nessa técnica, com vistas a melhorar a qualidade da analgesia e reduzir os efeitos adversos. OBJETIVO: avaliar a eficácia e a segurança do bloqueio paravertebral em comparação com outros regimes analgésicos e anestésicos em mulheres submetidas a cirurgias para câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: revisão integrativa da literatura de 1966 a 2012, feita por meio de termos específicos nos bancos de dados informatizados, de artigos que investigaram as características clínicas e os efeitos adversos e benéficos do bloqueio paravertebral torácico. RESULTADOS: no período selecionado, foram identificados 16 estudos randomizados que preenchiam os critérios de seleção estabelecidos para essa revisão bibliográfica. O bloqueio paravertebral torácico demonstrou uma redução significativa da dor pós-operatória, bem como diminuição da dor durante movimentos do braço após a cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: o bloqueio paravertebral torácico reduziu a necessidade pós-operatória de analgésicos quando comparado ao grupo placebo, notadamente dentro das primeiras 24 horas. O emprego dessa técnica poderia garantir uma analgesia pós-cirúrgica de relevância clínica. Novos estudos, com maiores grupos populacionais, fazem-se necessários, uma vez que o bloqueio paravertebral parece promissor em analgesia preemptiva para cirurgia de câncer de mama.

Palavras-chave

Bloqueio paravertebral, Câncer de mama, Complicações pós-operatórias

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Clinical application of thoracic paravertebral anesthetic block in breast surgeries

Aplicação clínica do bloqueio anestésico paravertebral torácico em operações de mama

Sara Socorro Faria; Renato Santiago Gomez

Abstract

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