Manifestações gastrointestinais em pacientes pediátricos com infecção por coronavírus no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa
Gastrointestinal manifestations in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease in Brazil: an integrative review
Gabriela Caroline Lobato Pontes, Karla Denise Barros Ribeiro Vasques, Katia Soares de Oliveira
Resumo
Em dezembro de 2019, foi identificada na China a COVID-19 (coronavirus disease), como uma nova doença, a qual se tornou uma pandemia em 2020, tendo como agente etiológico o SARS-CoV-2 (do inglês Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). A doença cursa comumente com as seguintes manifestações clínicas: sintomas respiratórios, febre, tosse, dispneia,mialgia, cefaleia, náuseas, vômitos e diarreia. Além disso, foi descrita evolução para doença grave em crianças, podendo estar associada à Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica. Objetivos: este trabalho visou realizar uma revisão integrativa das manifestações gastrointestinais causadas pela COVID-19, a partir da análise de pesquisas realizadas no Brasil. Metodologia: foram pesquisadas publicações realizadas com a população infantil, em hospitais brasileiros, entre os meses de janeiro e dezembro de 2020, através das bases de dados PubMed e SciELO. Resultados: A amostra final foi constituída por 12 artigos. Os estudos incluídos em nossa revisão descreveram como principais sintomas: diarreia, dor abdominal e vômitos, sendo diarreia o mais relatado; além disso, em alguns dos relatos de casos apresentados, os sintomas gastrointestinais foram apresentados como primeiras manifestações da COVID-19. Naqueles trabalhos em que se descreveu exames laboratoriais, a principal alteração encontrada foi elevação de transaminases. Também houve relato de enterite como alteração radiológica. Considerações finais: O acometimento pela COVID-19 em pacientes pediátricos pode se apresentar através de sintomas gastrointestinais, e estes podem ser a manifestação inical da doença.
Palavras-chave
Abstract
In December 2019, COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) was identified in China, a new disease which became a pandemic in 2020, with SARS-CoV-2 as its etiologic agent (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). The disease usually progresses with respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, dyspnoea, myalgia, headache, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. In addition, progression to severe disease in children has been described, which may be associated with Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome. Purpose: this research aimed to carry out an integrative review of the gastrointestinal manifestations caused by COVID-19, based on the analysis of research conducted in Brazil. Methods: publications made with pediatric population, in Brazilian hospitals, between the months of January and December 2020, were searched through the PubMed and SciELO databases. Results: The final sample consisted of 12 articles. The studies included in our review described as main symptoms diarrhea, abdominal pain and vomiting, with diarrhea being the most reported; in addition, in some of the case reports presented, gastrointestinal symptoms were presented as the first manifestations of COVID-19. In those studies in which laboratory tests were described, the main alteration found was an increase in transaminases. There was also a report of enteritis as a radiological alteration. Conclusion: Affection by COVID-19 in pediatric patients can present through gastrointestinal symptoms, and these can be the initial manifestation of the disease.
Keywords
Referências
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Submetido em:
24/03/2021
Aceito em:
23/04/2021
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