Rheological Behavior of Raw Natural Rubber Coagulated by Microorganisms
Wang, Zhifen; Luo, Wenjie; Fang, Lin; Liao, Shuangquan; Li, Lefan; Lin, Hua; Li, Sidong; He, Canzhong
http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/polimeros.2014.044
Polímeros: Ciência e Tecnologia, vol.24, n2, p.143-148, 2014
Abstract
Tests of the strain sweep, frequency sweep and stress relaxation for raw natural rubber coagulated by microorganisms (NR‑m) and raw natural rubber coagulated by acid (NR-a) were carried out with the use of a rubber process analyzer (RPA). The results showed that the storage torque, complex viscosity of NR-m were higher than those of NR-a while the loss factor was lower. The effect of temperature on viscosity of raw NR was studied following the Arrhenious-Frenkel-Eyring model. The viscous flow behavior of NR-m was poorer than those of NR-a. Furthermore, stress relaxation measurements of raw NR showed a longer period of relaxation for NR-m.
Keywords
Microorganisms coagulation, natural rubber, rheological properties
References
1. Wang, Z. F.; Li, S. D. & She, X. D. - Adv. Mater. Res., 160- 162, p.1181 (2011).
2. Wang, Z. F.; Peng, Z.; Li, S. D.; Lin, H.; Zhang, K. X.; She, X. D. & Fu, X. - Compos. Sci. Technol., 69, p.1797 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.04.018
3. Wang, Z. F.; Li, S. D.; Fu, X.; Lin, H.; She, X. D. & Huang, J. - e-Polymers., 115, p.1 (2010).
4. Li, S. D.; Yu, H. P.; Peng, Z.; Zhu, C. S. & Li, P. S. J. - Appl. Polym. Sci., 75, p.1339 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ (SICI)1097-4628(20000314)75:11<1339: :AIDAPP3> 3.0.CO;2-0
5. Nawamawat, K.; Sakdapipanich, J. T. & Ho, C. C. - Macromol. Symp., 288, p.95 (2010). http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/masy.201050212
6. Jayachandran, K. & Chandrasekaran, M. - Lett., 20, p.161(1998).
7. Tarachiwin, L.; Sakdapipanich, J. T. & Tanaka, Y. - Rubber Chem. Technol., 76, p.1158 (2003).
8. Yunyongwattanakorn, J.; Sakdapipanich, J. T.; Kawahara, S.; Hikosaka, M. & Tanaka, Y. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 106, p.455(2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.26507
9. Dick, J. S.; Harmon, C. & Vare, A. - Polym. Test., 18, p.327 (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(98)00026-9
10. Rippel, M. M.; Leite, C. A. P.; Lee, L. T. & Galembeck, F. - Colloid. Polym. Sci., 283, p.570 (2005). http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s00396-004-1187-z
11. John, S.; Issac, J. M. & Joseph, R. - Int. J. Adv. Eng. Sci. Technol., 8, p.177 (2011).
12. Mooney, M. - Rubber Chem. Technol., 20, p.1029 (1947). http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3543316
13. Petrov, G. N. & Lykin, A. S. - Polym. Sci. USSR, 20, p.1351 (1978). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(78)90346-5
14. Mitra, S.; Chattopadhyay, S. & Bhowmick, A. K. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 107, p.2755 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ app.26962
15. Mitra, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Sabharwal, S. & Bhowmick, A. K. - Polym. Eng. Sci., 49, p.1050 (2009). http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/pen.21348
16. Dimier, F.; Vergnes, B. & Vincent, M. - Rheol. Acta., 43, p.196 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00397-003-0342-7
17. Ehabe, E.; Roux, Y. L.; Ngolemasango, F.; Bonfils, F.; Nkeng, G.; Sainte-Beuveand, J. N. B. & Gobina, M. S. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 86, p.703 (2002). http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/app.10968
18. De, S. K. & White, J. R. - “Rubber Technologist’s Handbook”, Rapra Technology Limited (2001).
19. Nakason, C.; Kaesaman, A.; Rungvichaniwat, A.; Eardrod, K. & Kiatkamjonwong, S. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 89, p.1453 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12191
20. Mitra, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Bharadwaj, Y. K.; Sabharwal, S. & Bhowmick, A. K. - Radiat. Phys. Chem., 77, p.630 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. radphyschem.2007.10.006
21. Dick, J. S. - Rubber World 235, p.36 (2007).
22. Wang, P. Y.; Qian, H. L.; Yang, C. L. & Ying, C. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 100, p.1277 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ app.23062
23. Liao, S. Q.; She, X. D.; Li, S. D.; Zhong, J. P.; Yang, L. & He, C. Z. - J. Polym. Mater., 27, p.69 (2010).
24. Vega, J. F.; Otegui, J.; Ramos, J. & Martínez- Salazar, J.- Rheol. Acta., 5, p.81 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00397-011-0594-6
25. Zhu, M. - “Rubber Chemistry and Physics”, Beijing Chemical Industry Press, China (1984).
26. Kartsovnik, V. I. - J. Macromol. Sci. Phys., 50, p.75 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222341003641560
27. Intapun, J.; Sainte-Beuve, J.; Bonfils, F.; Tanrattanakul, V.; Dubreucq, E. & Vaysse, L. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 118, p.1341 (2010).
28. Dibenedetto, A. T. - J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem., 2, p.3585 (1964).
29. Bartenev, G. M. & Kuznetsova, I. A. - Mech Compos Mater., 10, p.381 (1974).
30. Fuller, K. N. G. & Fulton, W. S. - Polymer, 31, p.609 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(90)90276-5
31. Veksli, Z.; Andreis, M. & Campbell, D. S. - Polymer, 39, p.2083 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00536-3
32. Minoura, Y. & Kamagata, K. - J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 8, p.1077(1964). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080305