Effect of moringa and bagasse ash filler particles on basalt/epoxy composites
Sampath, Prakash; Santhanam, Senthil Kumar Velukkudi
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of moringa and nano ash filler particles on mechanical, chemical corrosion and moisture absorption of basalt fiber/epoxy composites. Epoxy resin and Araldite HY951 hardener was used as matrix along with the inclusion of filler particles while the bi-directional woven basalt fiber mat was used as the reinforcement in fabricating composites using hand layup technique. Three different composites i.e. Plain BF + matrix with no filler particles, BF + matrix with 10 wt, % moringa ash and BF + matrix with 10 wt, % bagasse ash were fabricated and tested according to the ASTM standards to determine the mechanical properties and chemical corrosion resistance. According to the experimental test results, the composites with moringa ash inclusion showed better properties than the bagasse ash inclusion and with no filler added composites.
Keywords
References
1 Bissoli-Dalvi, M., Nico-Rodrigues, E. A., Alvarez, C. E., Fuica, G. E. S., & Montarroyos, D. C. G. (2016). The sustainability of the materials under the approach of ISMAS. Construction & Building Materials, 106, 357-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.030.
2 Saba, N., Paridah, M. T., & Jawaid, M. (2015). Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced polymer composite: a review. Construction & Building Materials, 76, 87-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.043.
3 Balakrishnan, H., Hassan, A., Wahit, M. U., Yussuf, A. A., & Razak, S. B. A. (2010). Novel toughened polylactic acid nanocomposite: mechanical, thermal and morphological properties. Materials & Design, 31(7), 3289-3298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.02.008.
4 Mustapa, I. R., Shanks, R. A., & Kong, I. (2013). Poly (lactic acid)-hemp-nanosilica hybrid composites: thermo mechanical, thermal behavior and morphological properties. International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Technology, 3(1), 192-199.
5 Maheswari, C. U., Reddy, K. O., Muzenda, E., & Shukla, M. (2012). Effect of surface treatment on performance of tamarind fiber–epoxy composites. In International Conference on Innovations in Chemical Engineering and Medical Sciences (pp. 16-19). Dubai: Planetary Scientific Research Centre.
6 Asuke, F., Abdulwahab, M., Aigbodion, V. S., Fayomi, O. S. I., & Aponbiede, O. (2014). Effect of load on the wear behavior of polypropylene /carbonized bone ash particulate composite. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 67-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2014.02.002.
7 Ridzuan, M. J. M., Majid, M. S. A., Afendi, M., Azduwin, K., Amin, N. A. M., Zahri, J. M., & Gibson, A. G. (2016). Moisture absorption and mechanical degradation of hybrid Pennisetum purpureum/glass–epoxy composites. Composite Structures, 141, 110-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.01.030.
8 Saba, N., Tahir, P., & Jawaid, M. (2014). A review on potentiality of nano filler/natural fiber filled polymer hybrid composites. Polymers, 6(8), 2247-2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym6082247.
9 Sathishkumar, T., Naveen, J., & Satheeshkumar, S. (2014). Hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composites – a review. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 33(5), 454-471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684413516393.
10 Kuzmin, K. L., Timoshkin, I. A., Gutnikov, S. I., Zhukovskaya, E. S., Lipatov, Y. V., & Lazoryak, B. I. (2017). Effect of silane/nano-silica on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Composite Interfaces, 24(1), 13-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2016.1182408.
11 Ioannidou, O., & Zabaniotou, A. (2007). Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production-A review. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11(9), 1966-2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2006.03.013.
12 Sen, A. K., & Kumar, S. (2010). Coir-fiber-based fire retardant nano filler for epoxy composites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 101(1), 265-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0637-8.
13 Jonoobi, M., Khazaeian, A., Tahir, P. M., Azry, S. S., & Oksman, K. (2011). Characteristics of cellulose nanofibers isolated from rubberwood and empty fruit bunches of oil palm using chemo-mechanical process. Cellulose (London, England), 18(4), 1085-1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-011-9546-7.
14 Wayan, S. I., Kade, S. I. G. A., & Arnis, K. (2014). Mechanical properties of rice husks fiber reinforced polyester composites. International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing, 2(2), 165-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/IJMMM.2014.V2.121.
15 Khalil, H. P. S. A., Fizree, H. M., Jawaid, M., & Alattas, O. S. (2011). Preparation and characterization of nano structured materials from oil palm ash-A bioagricultural waste from oil palm mill. BioResources, 6(4), 4537-4546.
16 Agunsoye, J. O., & Aigbodion, V. S. (2013). Bagasse filled recycled polyethylene biocomposites: morphological and mechanical properties study. Results in Physics, 3, 187-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2013.09.003.
17 Saba, N., Jawaid, M., Alothman, O. Y., & Paridah, M. T. (2016). A review on dynamic mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites. Construction & Building Materials, 106, 149-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.075.
18 Saba, N., Jawaid, M., Alothman, O. Y., Paridah, M. T., & Hassan, A. (2016). Recent advances in epoxy resin, natural fiber-reinforced epoxy composites and their applications. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 35(6), 447-470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684415618459.
19 Faria, K. C. P., Gurgel, R. F., & Holanda, J. N. F. (2012). Recycling of sugarcane bagasse ash waste in the production of clay bricks. Journal of Environmental Management, 101, 7-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.032. PMid:22387325.
20 Asi, O. (2009). Mechanical properties of glass-fiber reinforced epoxy composites filled with Al2O3 particles. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 28(23), 2861-2867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684408093975.
21 Ibrahim, M. S., Sapuan, S. M., & Faieza, A. A. (2012). Mechanical and thermal properties of composites from unsaturated polyester filled with oil palm ash. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2, 133-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.2.2012.1.0012.
22 Hassan, S. B., Oghenevweta, E. J., & Aigbodion, V. S. (2012). Potentials of maize stalk ash as reinforcement in polyester composites. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 11(4), 445-459. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2012.114032.
23 Li, X., Guan, Z., Li, Z., & Liu, L. (2014). A new stress-based multi-scale failure criterion of composites and its validation in open hole tension tests. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 27(6), 1430-1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2014.10.009.
24 Kumar, K. N., Prasanth, M., Krishna, V., & Rao, D. S. (2013). Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of coal ash reinforced glass fiber polymer matrix composites. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 3(8), 250-258.
25 Shan, Y., & Liao, K. (2001). Environmental fatigue of unidirectional glass-carbon fiber reinforced hybrid composite. Composites. Part B, Engineering, 32(4), 355-363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1359-8368(01)00014-2.
26 Tsotsis, T. K., Keller, S., Lee, K., Bardis, J., & Bish, J. (2001). Aging of polymeric composite specimens for 5000 hours at elevated pressure and temperature. Composites Science and Technology, 61(1), 75-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(00)00196-2.
27 Xie, J., Yin, P., Shi, W., Hu, M., Wang, J., Zhou, X., Han, J., Cao, S., Han, L., & Yao, Y. (2016). Corrosion mechanism of e-glass of chemical resistance glass fiber in acid environment. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater Science Editor, 31(4), 872-876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-016-1461-1.
28 Prakash, S., Kumar, V. S. S., & Sangaiah, M. (2016). Evaluation of mechanical properties on banana/ bagasse based natural fiber hybrid composite. In 6th International & 27th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (pp. 658-662). India: College of Engineering Pune.
29 Wei, B., Song, S., & Cao, H. (2011). Strengthening of basalt fibers with nano-SiO2–epoxy composite coating. Materials & Design, 32(8-9), 4180-4186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.041.
30 Yudhanto, A., Watanabe, N., Iwahori, Y., & Hoshi, H. (2012). The effects of stitch orientation on the tensile and open hole tension properties of carbon/epoxy plain weave laminates. Materials & Design, 35, 563-571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.09.013.
31 Das, B., Tucker, B. D., & Watson, J. C. (1991). Acid corrosion analysis of fibre glass. Journal of Materials Science, 26(24), 6606-6612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02402652.
32 Prakash, S., Prathab, M., Dhanashekar, M., & Kumar, V. S. S. (2018). Open hole tensile behaviour of nano fillers (SiC & Banana) in CNSL/epoxy resin reinforeced with basalt fiber. Materials Today Proceedings, 5(2), 8631-8637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.562.