30DEC

Libyan International Conference for Health Sciences

The First Libyan International Conference for Health Sciences (2024): Open University, Tripoli, Libya
Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/medjpps/article/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10125879

Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Original article

Exploration of drug-drug interaction in prescriptions of Libyan practitioners in community pharmacies

Jamila R. Khalil, Fatima N. Regaey, Suhera M. Aburawi

Downloads: 0
Views: 270

Abstract

The drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are actions or events that occur when two or more drugs administered together, may cause a clinical significance or not. Certain factors may affect the severity of DDIs such as age, gender, number of drugs prescribed, and physician specialists. This study aims to answer: Is there DDI in Libyan community pharmacies?  In addition, to explore the factors that might be affecting DDI. Drug Interactions Checkers are used. 200 prescriptions were collected randomly from two different areas (high and low income),100 from each one and were used to investigate the DDIs by using two different sources (Drugs.com and BNF platforms), bearing in mind, age, gender, prescribers’ specialty, and drug number (prescription size). A personal interview questionnaire with pharmacists to investigate a source of DDI knowledge was considered. The correlation test was used to analyze the findings. The randomly selected sample has 316 drug combinations. The study has revealed a minimum of three drugs (46.0%). In general, Drugs.com was the richer source of DDI than BNF (66.5% and 34.5%, respectively). It is found that 66.5% (67.0% of this is moderate DDI) of these combinations have DDI by Drugs.com. A significant correlation between DDI and gender (male > female, p=0.035) was found. In a state of residential areas, the results are similar in both selected pharmacies. Most moderate DDIs (21.0% and 15.0%) are prescribed by orthopedics and psychiatrists, respectively. The observational interview questionnaire indicated that 100% of the participating pharmacists had no source of knowledge regarding DDI, 100% of 200 prescriptions had no chick it regarding DDI and 100% of found DDI is released to use by community pharmacies to patients. More than half of the prescribed drug combinations have DDIs (classified as moderate DDIs), and all of them are released for use by pharmacists.

Keywords

Community pharmacy, drug-drug interactions, drug interaction checker, prescription

References

  1. Rowland M (2008) Introducing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concepts. In: Rodrigues D (ed.) Drug-drug interactions. 2nd ed., New York: Informa Healthcare USA. eBook ISBN: 9780429131967.
  2. Rekic D, Reynolds KS, Zhao P, Zhang L, Yoshida K, Sachar M, Miller MP, Huang MP, Huang SM, Zineh I (2017) Clinical drug-drug interaction evaluations to inform drug use and enable drug access. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 106 (9): 2214-2218. doi: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.016
  3. Sjöqvist F, Böttiger Y (2010) Historical perspectives: drug interactions - it all began with cheese. Journal of Internal Medicine. 268 (6): 512-515. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02300.x
  4. Cascorbi I (2012) Drug interactions-principles, examples and clinical consequences. Deutsches Arzteblatt International. 109 (33-34): 546-556. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0546
  5. Saverno KR, Hines LE, Warholak TL, Grizzle AJ, Babits L, Clark C, Taylor AM, Malone DC (2011) Ability of pharmacy clinical decision-support software to alert users about clinically important drug-drug interactions. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 18 (1): 32-37. doi: 10.1136/jamia.2010.007609
  6. Lalagkas PN, Poulentzas G, Tsiolis L, Berberoglou E, Litina DH, Douros A, Kontogiorgis C, Constantinides T (2022) Investigating potential drug-drug interactions from Greek e-prescription data. Current Drug Safety. 17 (2): 114-120. doi: 10.2174/1574886316666210816115811
  7. Kheshti R, Aalipour M, Namazi S (2016) A comparison of five common drug-drug interaction software programs regarding accuracy and comprehensiveness. Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice. 5 (4): 257-263. doi: 10.4103/2279-042X.192461
  8. Kallio S, Eskola T, Airaksinen M, Pohjanoksa-Mäntylä M (2021) Identifying gaps in community pharmacists’ competence in medication risk management in routine dispensing. Innovations in Pharmacy. 12 (1): doi: 10.24926/iip.v12i1.3510
  9. Drug interactions checker (2023) Drug Interaction Online. Available at: http://www.drugs.com/drug_ interactions.php (Accessed: September 2023).
  10. Joint Formulary Committee (2022) British National Formulary. London: BMJ and Royal Pharmaceutical Society, UK.
  11. Tragni E, Casula M, Pieri V, Favato G, Marcobelli A, Trotta MG, Catapano AL (2013) Prevalence of the prescription of potentially interacting drugs. PLoS ONE. 8 (10): e78827. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078827
  12. Hamadouk R, Albashair ED, Mohammed FM, Yousef BA (2022) The practice of the community pharmacists in managing potential drug-drug interactions: a simulated patient visits. Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice. 11: 71-84. doi: 10.2147/IPRP.S355675
  13. Strandell J, Bate A, Lindquist M, Edwards R (2008) Drug-drug interactions - a preventable patient safety issue? British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 65 (1): 144-146. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02981.x
  14. Ansari J (2010) Drug interaction and pharmacist. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2 (3): 326-331. doi: 10.4103/ 0975-1483.66807
  15. Mousavi S, Norouzi M, Ashouri A, Javadi MR, Gholami K, Hadjibabaie M (2014) Study of potential drug-drug interactions in prescriptions of university-based pharmacies. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care. 2 (2): 60-65. ID: emr-153306.
  16. Ahmadizar F, Soleymani F, Abdollahim M (2011) Study of drug-drug interactions in prescriptions of general practitioners and specialists in Iran 2007-2009. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 10 (4): 921-931. PMC: 3813067.
  17. Al Ameri1 MN, Makramalla E, Albur U, Kumar A, Rao P (2014) Prevalence of poly-pharmacy in the elderly: implications of age, gender, co-morbidities and drug interactions. SOJ Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1 (3): 1-7. doi: 10.15223/2374-6866/1/3/00115
  18. Elliott R, Shinogle J, Peele P, Bhosle M, Hughes DA (2008) Understanding medication compliance and persistence from an economics perspective. Value in Health. 11 (4): 600-610. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007. 00304.x
  19. Prajapati J, Patel A, Raninga P (2014) Facial age group classification. IOSR Journal of Electronic and Communication Engineering. 9 (1): 33-39. doi: 10.9790/2834-09123339

Submitted date:
10/14/2023

Reviewed date:
11/09/2023

Accepted date:
11/14/2023

Publication date:
11/14/2023

6553b730a95395702311e7f3 medjpps Articles
Links & Downloads

Mediterr J Pharm Pharm Sci

Share this page
Page Sections