The fish cultivation is assuming increasing importance in the panorama of the food supply, since the high population growth rate affects a population increase that may endanger the food supply, so aquaculture can assist this demand for food in quantity and quality. However, activities related to farming managements demand, mainly involving water quality, because there are many physicochemical variables that should be evaluated and monitored to ensure the success of activities, among them the temperature. As the fish or ectothermic animals pecilotérmicos (internal body temperature varies with the temperature of the environment), is the temperature that determines the metabolism of these organisms, responsible for physiological activities such as breathing, digestion, reproduction and feeding. Thus, aquatic organisms have tolerance limits thermal upper and lower optimal temperatures for growth preferred temperature and temperature gradients in temperature limitations for migration and spawning hatching of eggs. That is, each species has their comfort zone and therefore their fundamental knowledge, as well as select species able to express all their genetic potential and, thus, provide greater productivity. Therefore, this literature review has the aim of highlighting the knowledge about the influence of water temperature in the production processes of farming, covering the most relevant aspects of this environment variable in different species.