Sero-Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections among Prospective Blood Donors in Ekpoma and its Environs
Seroprevalencia de infecciones transmisibles por transfusión entre posibles donantes de sangre en Ekpoma y sus alrededores
Rose Akubueziuka Amaechi, Dorothy Ese-Ose Akhuetiemen, Kenneth Oshiokhayamhe Iyevhobu, Gabriel Enahoro Oikerhe, M.O. Omoruyi, Andikan Udoaka, O.C. Ugheoke, J.A. Osemu-Lucky, Edmund Dongyeru, Aduke E. Ipingbemi, A.O. Eigbedio
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatitis B, C, and HIV are serious public health issues in developing nations. They can be spread through high-risk sexual behavior, vertical transmission, or parental contact, and they can result in both acute and chronic life-threatening illnesses. This study was carried out to determine the sero-prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) among prospective blood donors in AAU Ekpoma and its environs.
Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, four hundred and fifty (450) blood samples were aseptically collected from prospective blood donors in Ekpoma and its environs. Participants were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen, HIV, Syphilis and anti-HCV antibody using standard laboratory methods.
Results: The result obtained showed that of the 450 samples screened, 2.33% of the subjects were seropositive for HBsAg, 1.33% were positive for Syphilis, 1.0% were positive for HIV and 0.67% were positive for HCV respectively. The sex related prevalence obtained showed that 0.67% females and 0.33% male was positive for HIV, 0.33% male and 1.00% females positive for Syphilis, 1.00% males and 1.33% females were positive for HBsAg and 0 .33% male and 0.33% female were positive for HCV respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence of HIV, Syphilis, HBV and HCV in the study population with respect to sex and age of the subjects. Risk factors such as unprotected sex accounted for 1.33%, 0.33%, 0.33% and 0.67% of HBV, HCV, HIV and Syphilis infections among seropositive prospective blood donors in Ekpoma, while previous blood transfusion accounted for 0.33%, 0.33% and 0.33% of HBV, HIV and Syphilis infections respectively.
Conclusions: The observed sero-prevalence of TTIs among prospective blood donors in Ekpoma among undergraduates emphasizes the significance of early detection of disease agents in prevention and effective management of disease outbreaks especially in resource-limited settings.
Keywords
Resumen
Introducción: La hepatitis B y C, y el VIH son graves problemas de salud pública en los países en desarrollo. Pueden propagarse a través de conductas sexuales de alto riesgo, transmisión vertical o contacto parental, y pueden provocar enfermedades graves y crónicas potencialmente mortales. Este estudio se realizó para determinar la seroprevalencia de infecciones transmisibles por transfusión (ITT) entre los posibles donantes de sangre de la UCA de Ekpoma y sus alrededores.
Material y métodos: En este estudio transversal, se recogieron asépticamente cuatrocientas cincuenta (450) muestras de sangre de los posibles donantes de sangre de Ekpoma y sus alrededores. Se realizó una prueba de detección del antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B, VIH, sífilis y anticuerpos anti-VHC a los participantes mediante métodos de laboratorio estándar.
Resultados: El resultado obtenido mostró que de las 450 muestras examinadas, 2.33% de los sujetos fueron seropositivos para HBsAg, 1.33% fueron positivos para Sífilis, 1.0% fueron positivos para VIH y 0.67% fueron positivos para VHC respectivamente. La prevalencia relacionada con el sexo obtenida mostró que 0.67% mujeres y 0.33% hombres fueron positivos para VIH, 0.33% hombres y 1.00% mujeres fueron positivos para Sífilis, 1.00% hombres y 1.33% mujeres fueron positivos para HBsAg y 0.33% hombres y 0.33% mujeres fueron positivos para VHC respectivamente. No hubo diferencia significativa (p>0.05) en la prevalencia de VIH, Sífilis, VHB y VHC en la población de estudio con respecto al sexo y la edad de los sujetos. Factores de riesgo como las relaciones sexuales sin protección representaron el 1,33 %, el 0,33 %, el 0,33 % y el 0,67 % de las infecciones por VHB, VHC, VIH y sífilis entre los posibles donantes de sangre seropositivos en Ekpoma, respectivamente. Las transfusiones de sangre previas representaron el 0,33 %, el 0,33 % y el 0,33 % de las infecciones por VHB, VIH y sífilis, respectivamente.
Conclusiones: La seroprevalencia observada de ITT entre los posibles donantes de sangre de Ekpoma, entre los estudiantes universitarios, destaca la importancia de la detección temprana de agentes patógenos para la prevención y el manejo eficaz de brotes de enfermedades, especialmente en entornos con recursos limitados.
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Submitted date:
04/02/2025
Reviewed date:
07/10/2025
Accepted date:
07/24/2025
Publication date:
07/24/2025
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