Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/iberoamericanjm/article/doi/10.53986/ibjm.2025.0007
Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine
Brief Report

Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA). Our experiencie and a review

Acidosis láctica asociada a metformina (ALAM): nuestra experiencia y una revisión

Enrique Chicote-Álvarez, Helena Camino-Ferró, Marlene Feo-González, Maite Arlabán-Carpintero, Natalia Gloria Lizama-Gómez

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Abstract

Introduction: Metformin (a biguanide) for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is widely used worldwide. However, is a double-edged sword for critically ill patients. One of the most important problems with its use is the risk of developing metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA). We present our 10-year experience with lactic acidosis attributed to MALA as well as a review of the literature.
Material and methods: We reviewed admissions to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a secondary-level hospital (630 inpatient beds) with diagnoses of "metabolic acidosis," "lactic acidosis," and "metformin-associated lactic acidosis" from January 2014 to June 2024. Data were collected from patients' electronic medical records and entered into an Excel® document for analysis.
Results: Of the total 72 cases reviewed, 11 were included. Nine cases were male (81.82%), with a mean age of 75.36 years (ages ranging from 63 to 80 years). None of the cases had a history of chronic kidney disease, but all presented with acute renal failure. Renal replacement therapies (RRT) were used in all cases, with 6 patients initially treated with and 9 patients with conventional hemodialysis. The mortality rate was 0%. However, in the literature MALA presents a mortality exceeding 10% according to several studies.
Conclusions: MALA is a very serious condition and early diagnosis is very important. The use of renal replacement therapies is of Paramount importance as well as clinical suspicion.

Keywords

Metformin; Lactic acidosis; Critical care

Resumen

Introducción: La metformina (una biguanida) para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es ampliamente utilizada en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, es un arma de doble filo para los pacientes críticos. Uno de los problemas más importantes con su uso es el riesgo de desarrollar acidosis láctica asociada a metformina (ALAM). Presentamos nuestra experiencia de 10 años con acidosis láctica atribuida a ALAM, así como una revisión de la literatura.
Material y métodos: Se revisaron los ingresos a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de un hospital de segundo nivel (630 camas de hospitalización) con diagnósticos de "acidosis metabólica", "acidosis láctica" y "acidosis láctica asociada a metformina" de enero de 2014 a junio de 2024. Los datos se recolectaron de las historias clínicas electrónicas de los pacientes y se ingresaron en un documento Excel® para su análisis.
Resultados: Del total de 72 casos revisados, se incluyeron 11. Nueve casos fueron varones (81,82%), con una edad media de 75,36 años (rango de edad de 63 a 80 años). Ninguno de los casos tenía antecedentes de enfermedad renal crónica, pero todos presentaron insuficiencia renal aguda. Se utilizaron terapias de reemplazo renal (TRR) en todos los casos, con 6 pacientes tratados inicialmente con hemodiálisis y 9 pacientes con hemodiálisis convencional. La tasa de mortalidad fue del 0%. Sin embargo, en la literatura, la ALAM presenta una mortalidad superior al 10% según varios estudios.
Conclusiones: La ALAM es una enfermedad muy grave y el diagnóstico precoz es muy importante. El uso de terapias de reemplazo renal es de suma importancia, así como la sospecha clínica.

Palabras clave

Metformina; Acidosis láctica; Cuidados intesivos

References

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Submitted date:
09/05/2024

Reviewed date:
11/26/2024

Accepted date:
01/21/2025

Publication date:
01/22/2025

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