Evaluation of Mothers’ Sociodemographic Characteristics and Infant Feeding Attitudes During Pregnancy According to the Iowa Feeding Attitude Scale and Examining the Scale’s Role in Determining Breastfeeding Duration
Evaluación de las características sociodemográficas de las madres y las actitudes hacia la alimentación infantile durante el embarazo según la escala de actitud hacia la alimentación de Iowa y examen del papel de la escala en la determinación de la duración de la lactancia materna
Efnan Aydın, Hüseyin Dağ, Özgül Yiğit
Abstract
Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the initial 6 months of life, followed by the introduction of supplementary foods together with breast milk after 6 months, and then continuing to breastfeed until the child reaches 2 years of age. Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) was developed to identify which infant feeding methods pregnant women are more inclined towards during the early stages of pregnancy. In our study, we aimed to assess the feeding practices of mothers using the IIFAS.
Material and methods: The study was planned with consenting pregnant women who applied to the gynaecology clinic, pregnancy outpatient clinic and pediatric outpatient clinic of our hospital. Those who had problems such as drug use, chronic disease, psychological disorder, anatomical disorder that would prevent breastfeeding, syndromic condition, indication for hospitalisation were excluded from the study. A questionnaire regarding the demographic profile of the mothers and the IIFAS was filled out. Subsequently, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the mothers on the seventh day, third month, and sixth month to gather information.
Results: The study was completed with 96 mothers. According to the IOWA infant feeding scale scores of the mothers, there were 26 (27.1%) mothers in the breastfeeding-prone group with a score of 70 and above and 70 (72.9%) mothers in the undecided group with a score between 49-69. Since none of the pregnant women scored between 17-48, the group predisposed to formula feeding was not formed. There were no significant variations observed between the groups with regard to age, family type, and mode of delivery; however, there was a notable disparity in the educational and informational statuses of the mothers.
Conclusions: The fact that mothers were mostly undecided about the recommendations related to the IIFAS indicates the need for information about breast milk.
Keywords
Resumen
Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda la lactancia materna exclusiva durante los 6 meses iniciales de vida, seguida de la introducción de alimentos suplementarios junto con la leche materna a partir de los 6 meses, y luego continuar con la lactancia materna hasta que el niño cumpla los 2 años de edad. La Escala de actitud hacia la alimentación infantil de Iowa (IIFAS) se desarrolló para identificar a qué métodos de alimentación infantil se inclinan más las mujeres embarazadas durante las primeras etapas del embarazo. En nuestro estudio, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar las prácticas de alimentación de las madres utilizando el IIFAS.
Material y métodos: El estudio se planificó con el consentimiento de mujeres embarazadas que postularon a la consulta de ginecología, consulta externa de embarazo y consulta externa pediátrica de nuestro hospital. Fueron excluidos del estudio aquellos que presentaban problemas como consumo de drogas, enfermedad crónica, trastorno psicológico, trastorno anatómico que impediría la lactancia materna, condición sindrómica, indicación de hospitalización. Se llenó un cuestionario sobre el perfil demográfico de las madres y el IIFAS. Posteriormente, se realizaron entrevistas cara a cara con las madres los días séptimo día, tercer mes y sexto mes para recolectar información.
Resultados: El estudio se completó con 96 madres. Según las puntuaciones de las madres en la escala de alimentación infantil de IOWA, había 26 (27,1%) madres en el grupo propenso a amamantar con una puntuación de 70 o más y 70 (72,9%) madres en el grupo indeciso con una puntuación entre 49- 69. Dado que ninguna de las mujeres embarazadas obtuvo una puntuación entre 17 y 48, no se formó el grupo predispuesto a la alimentación con fórmula. No se observaron variaciones significativas entre los grupos con respecto a la edad, tipo de familia y modo de parto; sin embargo, hubo una disparidad notable en el estatus educativo e informativo de las madres.
Conclusiones: El hecho de que las madres estuvieran mayoritariamente indecisas sobre las recomendaciones relacionadas con el IIFAS indica la necesidad de información sobre la leche materna.
Palabras clave
References
1.Słyk-Gulewska P, Kondracka A, Kwaśniewska A. MicroRNA as a new bioactive component in breast milk. Noncoding RNA Res. 2023;8(4):520-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.06.003.
2.McGuire S. World Health Organization. Comprehensive Implementation Plan on Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition. Geneva, Switzerland, 2014. Adv Nutr. 2015;6(1):134-5. doi: 10.3945/an.114.007781.
3.Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies Ankara, Türkiye. Turkish Demographic and Health Survey 2008 (TDHS 2008). Available from: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR351/FR351.pdf. (accessed March 2023)
4.Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies Ankara, Türkiye. Turkish Demographic and Health Survey 2013 (TDHS 2013). Available from: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR352/FR352.pdf. (accessed Feb 2023)
5.Parlak ME, Öz E, Küçükkelepçe O. COVID-19 Vaccination and Breastfeeding Mothers in Kahta District, Turkey. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(4):813. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040813.
6.Admasu J, Egata G, Bassore DG, Feleke FW. Effect of maternal nutrition education on early initiation and exclusive breast-feeding practices in south
Ethiopia: a cluster randomised control trial. J Nutr Sci. 2022;11:e37. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.36.
7.De la Mora A, Russell DW, Dungy CI, Losch M, Dusdieker L The IOWA İnfant feding Attitude scale: analysis of reability and validity. J Appl Soc Psycol. 1999;29:2362-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00115.x.
8.Eksioglu A., Yesil Y, Çeber Turfan E. The Translation and Validation of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale into Turkish. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing. 2016;13(3):209-15.. doi: 10.5222/HEAD.2016.209.
9.Sittlington J, Stewart-Knox B, Wright M, Bradbury I, Scott JA. Infant-feeding attitudes of expectant mothers in Northern Ireland. Health Educ Res. 2007;22(4):561-70. doi: 10.1093/her/cyl113.
10.Kucukoglu S, Aytekin A, Ateseyan S. Comparison Of Breastfeeding Tendencıes And Breastfeeding Self-Effıcacy Of Mothers Whose Baby Staying In Newborn Intensive Care Unit. Balıkesır Health Scıences Journal. 2015; 4 (2):71-8. doi: 10.5505/bsbd.2015.97659.
11.Lau Y, Htun TP, Lim PI, Ho-Lim SS, Klainin-Yobas P. Psychometric Properties of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale among a Multiethnic Population during Pregnancy. J Hum Lact. 2016;32(2):315-23. doi: 10.1177/0890334415591813.
12.Topal S, Yuvaci HU, Erkorkmaz U, Cinar N, Altinkaynak S. The determination of infant feeding attitudes among Turkish mothers using the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017;67(10):1567-73.
13.Kızıltepe C. Validity Assessment Of Iowa Scale In The Newborn And Infant Feeding. Specialization thesis, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health and Diseases, Edirne 2011. Available from: https://dspace.trakya.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/trakya/2479 (accessed Jun 2023)
14.Buccini GDS, Pérez-Escamilla R, Paulino LM, Araújo CL, Venancio SI. Pacifier use and interruption of exclusive breastfeeding: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;13(3):e12384. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12384.
15.Tang K, Wang H, Tan SH, Xin T, Qu X, Tang T, et al. Association between maternal education and breast feeding practices in China: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(8):e028485. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028485.
16.Sarki M, Parlesak A, Robertson A. Comparison of national cross-sectional breast-feeding surveys by maternal education in Europe (2006-2016). Public Health Nutr. 2019;22(5):848-61. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018002999.
17.Hernández-Cordero S, Vilar-Compte M, Litwan K, Lara-Mejía V, Rovelo-Velázquez N, Ancira-Moreno M, et al. Implementation of Breastfeeding Policies at Workplace in Mexico: Analysis of Context Using a Realist Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):2315. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042315.
18.Aytekin A, Sarikaya P, Kucukoglu S. Investigation of the attitudes of working and non-working mothers regarding infant feeding. The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital 2015;49(1):68-75. doi: 10.5350/SEMB.20140407124726.
19.Tang X, Patterson P, MacKenzie-Shalders K, van Herwerden LA, Bishop J, Rathbone E, et al, Reidlinger DP. Workplace programmes for supporting breast-feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(6):1501-13. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020004012.
20.Shaker I, Scott JA, Reid M. Infant feeding attitudes of expectant parents: breastfeeding and formula feeding. J Adv Nurs. 2004;45(3):260-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02887.x.
21.Cotelo MDCS, Movilla-Fernández MJ, Pita-García P, Novío S. Infant Feeding Attitudes and Practices of Spanish Low-Risk Expectant Women Using the IIFAS (Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale). Nutrients. 2018;10(4):520. doi: 10.3390/nu10040520.
Submitted date:
08/26/2023
Reviewed date:
10/01/2023
Accepted date:
10/18/2023
Publication date:
10/31/2023
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email