Association of periodontitis with vitamin D and calcium levels: a meta-analysis
Asociación de la periodontitis con los niveles de vitamina D y calcio: un metanálisis
Alberto Rodríguez-Archilla, Nnuar Mohamed-El-Founti
Abstract
Introduction: Low levels of vitamin D have been linked to raised periodontal inflammation, a higher concentration of periodontopathogens, greater periodontal destruction, and more severe periodontitis. This study aimed to assess the influence of vitamin D and calcium levels on periodontitis.
Material and methods: A search for studies on vitamin D, calcium, and periodontal disease was conducted in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus. For continuous outcomes, the estimates of effects of an intervention were expressed as mean differences (MD), using the inverse variance (IV) method with 95% confidence intervals. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software.
Results: Thirty-one studies with 14,340 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Periodontitis patients had mean vitamin D concentrations significantly lower than controls without the disease (p<0.001). Likewise, these patients showed significantly lower serum vitamin D concentrations (p<0.001) and higher salivary vitamin D concentrations, although without reaching statistical significance (p=0.70). Regarding calcium levels, periodontitis patients had significantly higher salivary levels than controls (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Low vitamin D and high calcium levels are associated with an increased periodontitis risk.
Keywords
Resumen
Introducción: Los niveles bajos de vitamina D se han relacionado con una mayor inflamación periodontal, una mayor concentración de periodontopatógenos, una mayor destrucción periodontal y una periodontitis más severa. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de los niveles de vitamina D y calcio en la periodontitis.
Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de estudios sobre vitamina D, calcio y enfermedad periodontal en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus. Para los resultados continuos, las estimaciones de los efectos de una intervención se expresaron como diferencias de medias (DM), mediante el método de la varianza inversa (IV) con intervalos de confianza del 95%. El metanálisis se realizó con el software RevMan 5.4.
Resultados: Treinta y un estudios con 14 340 participantes se incluyeron en este metanálisis. Los pacientes con periodontitis tenían concentraciones medias de vitamina D significativamente más bajas que los controles sin la enfermedad (p<0,001). Asimismo, estos pacientes mostraron concentraciones séricas de vitamina D significativamente más bajas (p<0,001) y concentraciones salivales de vitamina D más altas, aunque sin alcanzar la significación estadística (p=0,70). Con respecto a los niveles de calcio, los pacientes con periodontitis tenían niveles salivales significativamente más altos que los controles (p<0,001).
Conclusiones: Los niveles bajos de vitamina D y altos de calcio se asocian con un mayor riesgo de periodontitis.
Palabras clave
References
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Submitted date:
07/11/2022
Reviewed date:
10/10/2022
Accepted date:
10/28/2022
Publication date:
11/02/2022
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