Do We Need Changes in Management Strategies of COVID-19 Pandemic? Vitamin D as a Balance Key for Health-Economy Dilemma
Amr Abdel-Mordy Kandeel
References
1. de Sisternes L, Hu J, Rubin DL, Marmor MF. Localization of damage in progressive hydroxychloroquine retinopathy on and off the drug: inner versus outer retina, parafovea versus peripheral fovea. Investig Opthalmology Vis Sci. 2015;56(5):3415-26. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-16345.
2. Bulut M, Akidan M, Gözkaya O, Erol MK, Cengiz A, Çay HF. Optical coherence tomography angiography for screening of hydroxychloroquine-induced retinal alterations. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018;256(11):2075-81. doi: 10.1007/s00417-018-4117-3.
3. Yi Y, Lagniton PNP, Ye S, Li E, Xu RH. COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020;16(10):1753-66. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45134.
4. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, et al. Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa248.
5. Zheng M, Gao Y, Wang G, Song G, Liu S, Sun D, et al: Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2020;17(5):533-5. doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-0402-2.
6. Lips P, Cashman KD, Lamberg-Allardt C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Bianchi ML, et al. Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position
statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019;180(4):23-54. doi: 10.1530/EJE-18-0736.
7. Palacios C, Gonzalez L. Is Vitamin D Deficiency a Major Global Public Health Problem? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;144Pt A:138-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003.
8. Zhang W, Stoecklin, Eggersdorfer M. A glimpse of vitamin D status in Mainland China. Nutrition. 2013;29(7-8):953-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.01.010.
9. Urashima M, Segawa T, Okazaki M, Kurihara M, Wada Y, Ida H. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza-A in schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(5):1255-60. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29094.
10. Wang TT, Nestel FP, Bourdeau V, Nagai Y, Wang Q, Liaoet J, et al. Cutting edge: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J Immunol. 2004;173(5):2909-12. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.5.2909.
11. Saul L, Mair I, Ivens A, Brown P, Samuel K, Campbell JDM, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Restrains CD4+ T Cell Priming Ability of CD11c+ Dendritic Cells by Upregulating Expression of CD31. Front Immunol. 2019;10:600. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00600.
12. Almerighi C, Sinistro A, Cavazza A, Ciaprini C, Rocchi G, Bergamini A. 1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits CD40L-induced pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in human monocytes. Cytokine.2009;45(3):190-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.12.009.
13. Aranow C. Vitamin D and the immune system. J Investig Med. 2011;59(6):881-6. doi: 10.231/JIM.0b013e31821b8755.
14. Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G, Sboarina A, Vella A. The Role of Vitamin D in the Immune System as a Pro-survival Molecule. Clin Ther. 2017;39(5):894-916. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.03.021.
Submitted date:
04/25/2020
Reviewed date:
05/01/2020
Accepted date:
05/02/2020
Publication date:
05/02/2020