Effects of educational intervention on health literacy and knowledge about diabetes: a quasi-experimental study
Efectos de la intervención educativa en la alfabetización en salud y el conocimiento sobre la diabetes: estudio cuasiexperimental
Efeitos de intervenção educativa no letramento em saúde e no conhecimento sobre diabetes: estudo quase-experimental
Robson Giovani Paes; Maria de Fátima Mantovani; Marta Cossetin Costa; Adriana Cordeiro Lopes Pereira; Luciana Puchalski Kalinke; Ricardo Castanho Moreira
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the effects of educational intervention on health literacy and knowledge about diabetes in adults assisted in primary health care.
Method: This is a quasi-experimental study with educational intervention during the nursing consultation with 33 adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus registered in a Family Health Strategy Unit in southern Brazil and involving group activity and telephone follow-up. Sociodemographic and clinical instruments were applied before and after the intervention; these instruments included the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy Patients with Diabetes and the Eight-Item Health Literacy Assessment Tool. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon, Spearman, and McNemar correlation coefficient tests.
Results: Most participants were women (69.7%), with a mean age of 57.0 years, less than nine years of schooling (69.7%), and ≤10 years of diagnosis (51.5%). After the intervention, there was an increase in knowledge about diabetes (p = 0.001), correlated with health literacy (r = 0.494; p = 0.001) and the time of diagnosis (r = 0.455; p = 0.001).
Conclusion and implications for practice: The instruments to measure health literacy and knowledge about diabetes enabled the construction of educational strategies aimed at existing gaps, increasing the knowledge, thereby favoring the development of skills for self-management.
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Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de intervenção educativa no letramento em saúde e no conhecimento sobre diabetes em adultos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde.
Método: Trata-se de estudo quase-experimental com intervenção educativa durante a consulta de enfermagem, atividade em grupo e acompanhamento telefônico com 33 adultos diagnosticados com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, cadastrados em uma Unidade Estratégia Saúde da Família no Sul do Brasil. Aplicaram-se instrumentos sociodemográfico e clínico (Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy Patients with Diabetes e Eight-Item Health Literacy Assessment Tool) antes e após a intervenção. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de Wilcoxom, coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e McNemar.
Resultados: A maioria dos participantes eram mulheres (69,7%), com idade média de 57,0 anos, tempo de escolaridade inferior a nove anos (69,7%) e tempo de diagnóstico ≤10 anos (51,5%). Após a intervenção, obteve-se aumento do conhecimento sobre a diabetes (p = 0,001), correlacionado ao letramento em saúde (r = 0,494; p = 0,001) e ao tempo do diagnóstico (r = 0,455; p = 0,001).
Conclusão e implicação para a prática: A utilização de instrumentos para mensurar o letramento em saúde e o conhecimento sobre diabetes possibilitou a construção de estratégias educativas voltadas para as lacunas existentes, promovendo aumento do conhecimento, o qual favorece o desenvolvimento das habilidades para a autogestão.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
15/08/2021
Aceito em:
19/04/2022
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