Psychological distress among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: Scoping Review
Distrés Psicológico entre los profesionales de enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Scoping Review
Sofrimento psíquico entre os profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia da COVID-19: Scoping Review
Fernanda Berchelli Girão Miranda; Mellina Yamamura; Sarah Salvador Pereira; Caroline dos Santos Pereira; Simone Teresinha Protti-Zanatta; Marceli Karina Costa; Sonia Regina Zerbetto
Abstract
Objective: To design a systematic map of the production of knowledge, together with national and international literature, on situations of psychological distress that Nursing professionals experience when exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: A Scoping Review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual for Scoping Reviews and PRISMA-ScR. Searches were conducted between April and June 2020 in the electronic databases by means of the descriptors; the peer reviewers analyzed the relevance of the studies, selecting those that answered the research question.
Results: A total of 38 studies were selected. The most reported situations of psychological distress were related to work overload, scarcity or absence of individual protective equipment, fear of becoming infected, infecting other people and being in the front line with patients diagnosed or suspected for COVID-19. The most common signs and symptoms for psychological distress were the following: anxiety, depression, insomnia, stress, post-traumatic stress and fear.
Conclusions and implications for the practice: Nursing professionals face situations of psychological distress, mainly triggered by factors related to work conditions, manifesting depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress, which may remain for a long period. Health institutions had to implement training, protection and security actions, as well as psychosocial help and support in a short period of time.
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Resumen
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Resumo
Objetivo: mapear sistematicamente a produção de conhecimento, com a literatura nacional e internacional, de situações de sofrimento psíquico que os profissionais de enfermagem vivenciam quando expostos à pandemia da COVID-19.
Método: Scoping Review conforme Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual for Scoping Reviews e PRISMA-ScR. Executaram-se buscas nas bases eletrônicas entre abril e junho de 2020, por intermédio dos descritores. Revisores aos pares analisaram a relevância dos estudos, selecionando os que responderam à pergunta de investigação.
Resultados: selecionaram-se 38 estudos. As situações de sofrimento psíquico mais relatadas relacionaram-se à sobrecarga de trabalho, escassez ou ausência de equipamento de proteção individual, medo de se infectar, infectar outras pessoas e estar na linha de frente junto a pacientes com diagnóstico ou suspeita de COVID-19. Os sinais e sintomas de sofrimento psíquico mais encontrados foram ansiedade, depressão, insônia, estresse, estresse pós-traumático e medo.
Conclusões e implicações para a prática: os profissionais de enfermagem enfrentam situações de sofrimento psíquico, principalmente desencadeadas por fatores relacionados às condições de trabalho, manifestando sintomas depressivos, de ansiedade e de estresse, que podem permanecer por longo período. As instituições de saúde precisaram implementar ações de capacitação, proteção e segurança, bem como suporte e apoio psicossocial em curto espaço de tempo.
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Referencias
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Submitted date:
04/09/2020
Accepted date:
21/12/2020
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