Contexts of experience of being (un) comfortable in patients with chronic kidney disease
Contextos de experiencia de estar (des) cómodo de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica
Contextos de experiência de estar (des)confortável de pacientes com doença renal crônica
Sinara de Menezes Lisboa Freire; Geórgia Alcântara Alencar Melo; Magda Milleyde de Sousa Lima; Renan Alves Silva; Joselany Áfio Caetano; Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos Santiago
Abstract
Objective: to establish the contexts of the experience of being (un) comfortable, according to the perceptions of patients with chronic kidney disease, during hemodialysis treatment.
Method: qualitative study, carried out in a hemodialysis clinic, between May and June 2018, with 30 patients with chronic kidney disease, undergoing hemodialysis, able to communicate verbally. A semi-structured interview was used, with guiding questions that sought to elucidate the contexts of experience of feeling and being comfortable, based on Kolcaba’s theoretical framework. Data submitted to thematic content analysis.
Results: four analytical categories emerged, regarding the contexts of (dis) comfort: physical (immobility, hypotension, pain, hunger, cramp, tiredness, polyuria, itching, edema, thirst); environmental (light, noise, chair, cold); psycho-spiritual (despair, sensitivity, social isolation); and social (change of routine).
Final considerations the meaning of comfort for patients undergoing hemodialysis was configured as basic human need, as patients experienced daily discomfort related to physical, environmental, psycho-spiritual and social contexts.
Implications for practice: the results of the study enable health professionals to provide assistance to chronic renal patients in a holistic way, based on the promotion of comfort.
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Resumen
Palabras clave
Resumo
Objetivo: estabelecer os contextos da experiência de estar (des)confortável, conforme percepções de pacientes com doença renal crônica, durante tratamento hemodialítico.
Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado em clínica de hemodiálise, entre maio e junho de 2018, com 30 pacientes com doença renal crônica, em tratamento hemodialítico, capazes de comunicar-se verbalmente. Utilizou-se da entrevista semiestruturada, com perguntas norteadoras que buscaram elucidar os contextos de experiência de sentir-se e estar confortável, baseadas no referencial teórico de Kolcaba. Dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática.
Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias analíticas, no tocante aos contextos de (des)conforto: físicos (imobilidade, hipotensão, dor, fome, cãibra, cansaço, poliúria, prurido, edema, sede); ambientais (luz, barulho, cadeira, frio); psicoespirituais (desespero, sensibilidade, isolamento social); e sociais (mudança de rotina).
Considerações finais: o significado do conforto para pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico se configurou como necessidade humana básica, pois os pacientes apresentaram desconfortos diários relacionados aos contextos físicos, ambientais, psicoespirituais e sociais.
Implicações para a prática: os resultados do estudo possibilitam que profissionais de saúde realizem assistência ao paciente renal crônico de forma holística, pautada na promoção do conforto.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
18/11/2019
Aceito em:
16/05/2020
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