Sociodemographic factors and nursing diagnoses in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries
Factores sociodemográficos y diagnósticos de enfermería en pacientes sometidos a cirugías ortopédicas
Fatores sociodemográficos e diagnósticos de enfermagem em pacientes submetidos às cirurgias ortopédicas
Lágila Cristina Nogueira Martins; Aldenora Laísa Paiva de Carvalho Cordeiro; Thaís Santos Guerra Stacciarini; Rosana Huppes Engel; Vanderlei José Haas; Marina Pereira Rezende; Lúcia Aparecida Ferreira
Abstract
Objective: To identify the most frequent nursing diagnoses and verify their associations with sociodemographic factors in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries.
Method: Observational, analytical and cross-sectional study, developed in the orthopedics unit of a teaching hospital. For data collection we used structured instruments, anamnesis and physical examination. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program.
Results: Of the 201 patients evaluated, 68.2% were men. The most frequent nursing diagnoses were: risk of infection (100%), impaired skin integrity (100%), impaired tissue integrity (97.5%), bathing self-care deficit (90.5%), acute pain (80.6%), risk of falls (76.6%) and anxiety (70%). Associations were found between acute pain and participation in family income and between self-care deficit for bathing and marital status.
Conclusion and Implications for practice: The analysis of the sociodemographic profile of a population favors the planning of safe care and decision making based on scientific evidence. Minimize potential complications, promote the appropriation of nursing diagnoses, improve the quality of care, reduce operating costs for healthcare institutions, and promote patient safety.
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Resumo
Objetivo: Identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes e verificar suas associações com fatores sociodemográficos em pacientes submetidos às cirurgias ortopédicas.
Método: Estudo observacional, analítico e transversal, desenvolvido na unidade de ortopedia de um hospital escola. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se instrumentos estruturados, anamnese e exame físico. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences.
Resultados: Dos 201 pacientes avaliados, 68,2% eram homens. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes foram: risco de infecção (100%), integridade da pele prejudicada (100%), integridade tissular prejudicada (97,5%), déficit no autocuidado para banho (90,5%), dor aguda (80,6%), risco de quedas (76,6%) e ansiedade (70%). Constatou-se associações entre a dor aguda e participação na renda familiar e entre o déficit no autocuidado para banho e estado civil.
Conclusão e implicações para a prática: A análise do perfil sociodemográfico de uma população favorece o planejamento de uma assistência segura e a tomada de decisões pautada em evidências científicas. Minimizar possíveis complicações, promover a apropriação de diagnósticos de enfermagem, bem como melhorar a qualidade da assistência, reduzir custos operacionais para as instituições de saúde e promover a segurança do paciente.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
10/10/2019
Aceito em:
05/03/2020
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