Escola Anna Nery Revista de Enfermagem
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/ean/article/doi/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0321
Escola Anna Nery Revista de Enfermagem
Pesquisa

Factors associated with overweight and childhood obesity in Spain according to the latest national health survey (2011)

Factores asociados al sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en España, según la última encuesta nacional de salud (2011)

Fatores associados ao sobrepeso e à obesidade infantil na Espanha de acordo com o último inquérito nacional de saúde (2011) 

Maria Julia Ajejas Bazán; Maria del Carmen Sellán Soto; Antonio Vázquez Sellán; Maria Luisa Díaz Martínez; Silvia Domínguez Fernández

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2017-0321 Esc. Anna Nery, vol.22, n2, e20170321, 2018
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Abstract

Objective: To describe the factors associated with overweight/obesity in Spain according to the latest National Health Survey (2011).

Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 3,752 children aged 2 to 15 years (boys=2,007; girls=1,745). Main variables: overweight; obesity; gender; level of education of the head of the family; monthly income; hours of sleep; physical exercise; hours of TV and/or computer use; daily breakfast; parents' weight perception. Diagnostic criterion was based on WHO growth patterns, defined overweight with +1SD and obesity, +2SD.

Results: Boys more obese than girls. Children whose parents had a lower level of education, those who did not practice physical activity and whose parents had an income of less than 900€ per month showed a higher percentage of overweight/obesity.

Conclusions: Children whose parents had a lower education and monthly income presented a higher percentage of obesity. Sleeping the recommended hours and doing some type of physical activity reduces obesity.

Keywords

Epidemiology; Pediatric Obesity; Overweight; Risk Factors; Nursing  

Resumen

Objetivo: Describir los factores asociados al sobrepeso/obesidad en España según datos de la última Encuesta Nacional de Salud (2011).

Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en población infantil de 2 a 15 años. Participaron 3752 individuos (niños n=2007 y niñas n=1745). Muestreo aleatorio polietápico estratificado. Principales variables: sobrepeso; obesidad; sexo; nivel de estudios del progenitor; ingresos mensuales; horas de sueño; ejercicio físico; horas de uso de televisión y/u ordenador; desayuno diario; percepción ponderal de los progenitores. Los criterios diagnósticos fueron los estándares de OMS, definiéndose sobrepeso con +1SD y obesidad, +2SD.

Resultados: Niños más obesos que niñas. Niños/as cuyos progenitores presentaban un nivel de estudios bajo, niños/as que no hicieron ningún ejercicio y cuyos progenitores ganaron menos que 900€ mensuales presentaron un mayor sobrepeso/obesidad.

Conclusión: Niños/as con progenitores con bajo nivel de estudios y de ingresos presentaron mayor obesidad. Dormir las horas recomendadas y hacer actividad física disminuye la obesidad.

Palabras clave

Epidemiología; Obesidad Pediátrica; Sobrepeso; Factores de Riesgo; Enfermería

Resumo

Objetivo: Descrever os fatores associados com sobrepeso/obesidade na Espanha, segundo dados da última Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2011).

Método: Estudo descritivo transversal com 3.752 crianças de 2 a 15 anos (meninos=2007; meninas=1.745). Principais variáveis: excesso de peso; obesidade; sexo; nível de escolaridade do chefe da família; renda mensal; horas de sono; exercício; horas de utilização da televisão e/ou computador; desjejum diário; percepção de obesidade dos pais. O diagnóstico baseou-se em padrões de crescimento da OMS, sendo o excesso de peso +1DP e a obesidade +2DP.

Resultados: Meninos mais obesos que meninas. Crianças cujos pais tinham menos anos de estudo, aquelas que não praticam atividade física e cujos pais possuíam uma renda menor de 900 € mensal mostraram maior percentual de obesidade.

Conclusão: Menor nível de escolaridade e baixa renda contribuem mais para a obesidade. Dormir as horas recomendadas e fazer algum tipo de atividade física reduz a obesidade.

Palavras-chave

Epidemiologia; Obesidade Pediátrica; Sobrepeso; Fatores de Risco; Enfermagem

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Submetido em:
29/10/2017

Aceito em:
17/01/2018

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