Spongiform leukoencephalopathy unveiled in an autopsy of a drug abuser
Hemlata Jangir; Govinda Balmuchu; Jhansi Lakshmi Mylapalli; Arulselvi Subramanian; Sanjeev Lalwani
Abstract
Keywords
References
1 Wolters EC, Stam FC, Lousberg RJ, et al. Leucoencephalopathy after inhaling “heroin” pyrolysate. Lancet. 1982;320(8310):1233-7.
2 Celius EG, Andersson S. Leucoencephalopathy after inhalation of heroin: a case report. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;60(6):694-5.
3 Weber W, Henkes H, Möller P, Bade K, Kühne D. Toxic spongiform leucoencephalopathy after inhaling heroin vapour. Eur Radiol. 1998;8(5):749-55.
4 Maschke M, Fehlings T, Kastrup O, Wilhelm HW, Leonhardt G. Toxic leukoencephalopathy after intravenous consumption of heroin and cocaine with unexpected clinical recovery. J Neurol. 1999;246(9):850-1.
5 Filley CM, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. Toxic leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(6):425-32.
6 Filley CM, McConnell BV, Anderson CA. The expanding prominence of toxic leukoencephalopathy. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017;29(4):308-18.
7 Cheng MY, Chin SC, Chang YC, et al. Different routes of heroin intake cause various heroin-induced leukoencephalopathies. J Neurol. 2019;266(2):316-29.
8 Alturkustani M, Ang LC, Ramsay D. Pathology of toxic leucoencephalopathy in drug abuse supports hypoxic-ischemic pathophysiology/etiology. Neuropathology. 2017;37(4):321-8.
9 Harris JB, Blain PG. Neurotoxicology: what the neurologist needs to know. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(Suppl 3):iii29-34.
10 Vella S, Kreis R, Lovblad KO, Steinlin M. Acute leukoencephalopathy after inhalation of a single dose of heroin. Neuropediatrics. 2003;34(2):100-4.
11 Kriegstein AR, Shungu DC, Millar WS, et al. Leukoencephalopathy and raised brain lactate from heroin vapor inhalation (“chasing the dragon”). Neurology. 1999;53(8):1765-73.
12 Berend K, van der Voet G, Boer WH. Acute aluminum encephalopathy in a dialysis center caused by a cement mortar water distribution pipe. Kidney Int. 2001;59(2):746-53.
13 Kass-Hout T, Kass-Hout O, Darkhabani MZ, Mokin M, Mehta B, Radovic V. “Chasing the dragon”--heroin-associated spongiform leukoencephalopathy. J Med Toxicol. 2011;7(3):240-2.
14 Achamallah N, Wright RS, Fried J. Chasing the wrong dragon: a new presentation of heroin-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy mimicking anoxic brain injury. J Intensive Care Soc. 2019;20(1):80-5.
15 Keogh CF, Andrews GT, Spacey SD, Forkheim KE, Graeb DA. Neuroimaging features of heroin inhalation toxicity: “chasing the dragon”. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180(3):847-50.
16 Salgado RA, Jorens PG, Baar I, Cras P, Hans G, Parizel PM. Methadone-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy: MR imaging and MR proton spectroscopy findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2010;31(3):565-6.
17 Beitinjaneh A, McKinney AM, Cao Q, Weisdorf DJ. Toxic leukoencephalopathy following fludarabine-associated hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2011;17(3):300-8.
18 Baek BH, Kim SK, Yoon W, Heo TW, Lee YY, Kang HK. Chlorfenapyr-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy with radiologic reversibility: a case report and literature review. Korean J Radiol. 2016;17(2):277-80.
19 Shprecher DR, Flanigan KM, Smith AG, Smith SM, Schenkenberg T, Steffens J. Clinical and diagnostic features of delayed hypoxic leukoencephalopathy. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008;20(4):473-7.
20 Havé L, Drouet A, Lamboley JL, et al. Leucoencéphalopathie toxique après consommation d’héroïne prisée “sniff”, une forme méconnue d’évolution favorable. Rev Neurol. 2012;168(1):57-64.
Submitted date:
10/23/2023
Accepted date:
11/30/2023
Publication date:
01/08/2024