Post-mortem findings in Staphylococcus aureus acute infective endocarditis

Deepika Phogat; Mukul Bajpai; Prosenjit Ganguli; Vimal Upreti

doi:10.4322/acr.2020.212

Autopsy Case Report

Post-mortem findings in Staphylococcus aureus acute infective endocarditis

Deepika Phogat; Mukul Bajpai; Prosenjit Ganguli; Vimal Upreti

http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/acr.2020.212 Autops Case Rep, vol.10, n4, e2020212, 2020

PDF

PMC

Downloads: 12

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of the heart valves or the mural endocardium that leads to the formation of vegetations composed of thrombotic debris and microorganisms often associated with the destruction of the cardiac tissues. Most of the infections are bacterial (bacterial endocarditis), although fungi and other microorganisms can be etiological agents. Causative organisms differ among the major high-risk groups. Virulent microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus, commonly found on the skin, can infect normal or deformed valves and are responsible for 20-30% of all IE cases. Staphylococcus aureus is the major offender in IE among intravenous drug abusers. Acute infective endocarditis is typically caused by infection of a previously normal heart valve by a highly virulent organism (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) that rapidly produces necrotizing and destructive lesions. These infections may be difficult to cure with antibiotics, and despite appropriate treatment, death can ensue within days to weeks. Here we present autopsy findings of a 31-year-old male patient who died of acute infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus as the causative organism.

Keywords

Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcal Infections, Endocarditis, Bacterial, Sudden death

References

1 Kumar V, Abbas A, Aster J, Robbins S, Cotran R, Perkins, J. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. London: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.

2 Mylonakis E, Calderwood SB. Infective endocarditis in adults. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(18):1318-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra010082. PMid:11794152.

3 Castier MB, Albuquerque EM, Menezes ME, Klumb E, Albanesi FM Fo. Cardiac tamponade in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of four cases. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2000;75(5):446-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2000001100008. PMid:11080755.

4 Katz LH, Pitlik S, Porat E, Biderman P, Bishara J. Pericarditis as a presenting sign of infective endocarditis: two case reports and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis. 2008;40(10):785-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365540802169106. PMid:18609201.

5 Doherty NE, Siegel RJ. Cardiovascular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am Heart J. 1985;110(6):1257-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(85)90023-7. PMid:3907317.

6 Bayer AS, Bolger AF, Taubert KA, et al. Diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis and its complications. Circulation. 1998;98(25):2936-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.98.25.2936. PMid:9860802.

7 Mathew J, Addai T, Anand A, Morrobel A, Maheshwari P, Freels S. Clinical features,site of involvement, bacteriologic findings, and outcome of infective endocarditisin intravenous drug users. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155(15):1641-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1995.00430150125013. PMid:7618988.

8 DiNubile MJ. Abbreviated therapy for right sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditisin injecting drug users: the time has come? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994;13(7):533-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01971302. PMid:7805679.

9 Porter CJ, Simcock JW, Mackinnon CA. Necrotising fasciitis and cellulitis after traditional Samoan tattooing: case reports. J Infect. 2005;50(2):149-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2003.10.018. PMid:15667917.

10 Korman TM, Grayson ML, Turnidge JD. Polymicrobialsepticemia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenesfollowing traditional tattooing. J Infect. 1997;35(2):203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-4453(97)92172-1. PMid:9354366.

11 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusskin infections among tattoo recipients—Ohio, Kentucky, and Vermont, 2004-2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(24):677-9. PMID: 16791134.

12 Armstrong ML, DeBoer S, Cetta F. Infective endocarditis after body art: a review of the literature and concerns. J Adolesc Health. 2008;43(3):217-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.02.008. PMid:18710675.

13 Nah SY, Chung MH, Park JE, Durey A, Kim M, Lee JS. Infective endocarditis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusin a young woman after ear piercing: a case report. J Med Case Reports. 2011;5(1):336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-5-336. PMid:21806817.

14 Satchithananda DK, Walsh J, Schofield PM. Bacterial endocarditisfollowing repeated tattooing. Heart. 2001;85(1):11-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heart.85.1.11. PMid:11119451.

15 Akkus N, Mina G, Fereidoon S, Rajpal S. Tattooing complicated by multivalvular bacterial endocarditis. Herz. 2013;39(3):349-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00059-013-3810-6. PMid:23880943.

16 Buchbinder N, Roberts WC. Alcoholism. An important but unemphasized factor predisposing to infective endocarditis. Arch Intern Med. 1973;132(5):689-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1973.03650110045009. PMid:4584309.

17 Pérez De Isla L, Zamorano JL, Almería C, et al. Endocarditis infecciosa en pacientes con hepatopatía crónica: valoración clínica y pronóstica. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2003;56(8):794-800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-8932(03)76959-0. PMid:12892625.

Submitted date:
05/08/2020

Accepted date:
07/14/2020

Publication date:
11/20/2020

Post-mortem findings in Staphylococcus aureus acute infective endocarditis

Deepika Phogat; Mukul Bajpai; Prosenjit Ganguli; Vimal Upreti

Abstract

Keywords

References

Links

Share

Autops Case Rep