Inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, especially the valvular endothelium, chordae tendinae and mural endocardium was first recognized almost 350 years ago. Over the years it has had many names, but is now generally designated infective endocarditis (IE) and has an associated infectious agent. A sterile vegetative process can also affect the valves and is usually referred to as Libman-Sacks endocarditis. The developments of medical science that allowed for our understanding of this entity included refinement of the autopsy, medical microscopy, microbiology, and in recent years, molecular studies. Some observations were misleading but clarification particularly followed the reports of Morgagni, Osler and Libman. As understanding of the pathobiology of infective endocarditis grew so did the effectiveness of therapy. This paper provides a detailed history of the development of the concept of Infective endocarditis citing many key morphological observations and concludes with brief comments about current concepts of pathogenesis as well as a few remarks about therapy.
Keywords
Endocarditis/diagnosis, Endocarditis/history
References
Narula J, Virmani R, Reddy KS, Tandor R. Rheumatic fever. Washington: American Registry of Pathology; 2000.
Laennec RTH. De l’auscultation mediate, ou traite du diagnostic des maladies des poumons et du Coeur. Paris: J. A. Brosson & J.S. Chaude; 1819. 2 v. (A treatise on the diseases of the chest. Translated by J. Forbes. London: Underwood; 1821.)
Castiglione A. A history of medicine. Translated by E. B. Krumbhaar. New York: Alfred A. Knopf; 1941.
Geller SA. Il Bo, the foundations of modern medicine are established. In: Thiene G, Pessina AC, editors. Advances in cardiovascular medicine. Padova: Univ Degli Studi di Padova; 2002.
Corvisart JN. Essai sur les maladies et les lesions organique du Coeur et des gros vaisseaux. Paris: Mequigon-Marvis; 1806. (An essay on the organic diseases and lesions of the heart and great vessels. Translated by J. Gates. Boston: Bradford and the Read; 1812.)
Acherknecht E. A short history of medicine. New York: Ronald Press; 1955.
Hodgson J. A treatise on the diseases or arteries and veins. London: T. Underwood; 1815.
LöhleinM. Uber hamorrhagische Nierenaffectionen bei chronischer ulceroser endocarditis. Med Klin. 1910;6:375.
KirkesWS. On some of the prinicipal effects resulting from the detachment of fibrinous deposits from the interior the heart, and their mixture with the circulating blood. Med-chir Trans. 1852;35:281-324.
Winge EF. Mycosis endocardia. J Norsk Mag Laegevid (Forh Norske med. Sels-kab). 1869;23:78-82.
WilkesS. Capillary embolism or arterial pyaemia. Guys Hosp Rep. 1870;15:29-35.
Ronald A. Perspectives on the history of endocarditis. In: Chan K-L, Embil JM, editors. Endocarditis: diagnosis and management. Berlin: Springer; 2006. p. 1-4. PMid:16553892. http://dx.doi.org/ [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-453-3_1]10.1007/978-1-84628-453-3_1
HeibergJ. Ein Fall von Endocarditis ulcerosa puerperalis mit pilzbildungen imherzen (mycosis endocardia). Virchows Arch Path Anat. 1872;56:407-14.
KlebsE. Weitere Beiträge zur Enststehungsceshichte der endocarditis. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmacol. 1878;9:52.
Bramwell B. Diseases of the heart and thoracic aorta. New York: D. Appleton & Co., Bond Street; 1884.
OslerW. On some points in the etiology and pathology of ulcerative endocarditis. J.W. Kolckmann. 1881;1:341-6.
SchottmullerJ. Endocarditis lenta. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Artunterscheidung der pathogenen Streptokokken. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1910;57:617-20, 697-9.
GouldFK, DenningDW, ElliottTS, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults: a report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. •••;2102(67):269-89. http://dx.doi.org/ [https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkr450].
ChirilloF, ScottonP, RoccoF, et al. Management of patients with infective endocarditis by a multidisciplinary team approach: an operative control. J Cardiovasc Med. •••;2103(14):659-68. http://dx.doi.org/ [https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0b013e32835ec585].
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email