Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
https://app.periodikos.com.br/journal/alb/article/doi/10.1590/S2179-975X8025
Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia
Artigo Original

Watercourse distance explains the taxonomic and functional composition of phytoplankton communities in tropical streams

Distância fluvial explica a composição taxonômica e funcional de comunidades fitoplanctônicas em riachos tropicais

Ana Clara Maciel David; João Carlos Nabout; Fabricio Barreto Teresa; Karine Borges Machado

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Abstract

Aim: This study evaluated the relative importance of local environmental conditions (i.e., limnological parameters measured in streams), landscape features (i.e., land use), and spatial distance (i.e., overland and watercourse spatial filters) in shaping the taxonomic and functional structure of phytoplankton communities.

Methods: The study was conducted in the Paranaíba River watershed, located in central Brazil. Data were collected from 30 streams in the Piracanjuba River sub-watershed, including phytoplankton species composition and functional traits, water physicochemical characteristics, landscape attributes, and overland and watercourse distances among sampling sites.

Results: A total of 43 algal taxa were recorded, with a predominance of the classes Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae. The taxa exhibited variation in their functional traits, with a predominance of unicellular organisms, mucilage-producing species, and taxa requiring silica. Watercourse spatial distance was the only significant predictor of both taxonomic and functional community composition, whereas local environmental and landscape variables showed no significant effects.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that phytoplankton community structure is primarily driven by dispersal processes, with mass effects operating at small spatial scales and dispersal limitation occurring among more distant streams. Therefore, the observed spatial dynamics reflect the dispersal ability of individuals across the stream network.

Keywords

algae; dispersal limitation; mass effect; metacommunities

Resumo

Objetivo: Neste estudo, avaliamos a importância relativa das variáveis ​​ambientais locais (ou seja, parâmetros limnológicos), características da paisagem (ou seja, uso do solo) e distância espacial (ou seja, filtros espaciais terrestres e fluviais) na estrutura taxonômica e funcional das comunidades fitoplanctônicas.

Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paranaíba, na região central do Brasil. Amostramos 30 riachos na sub-bacia do rio Piracanjuba, onde foram obtidas informações sobre a comunidade fitoplanctônica com base na composição de espécies e atributos funcionais, nas condições físico-químicas da água e da paisagem, bem como na distância espacial terrestre e fluvial entre os pontos de amostragem.

Resultados: Encontramos 43 táxons de algas, com predominância das classes Bacillariophyceae e Chlorophyceae. Os táxons apresentaram variação em suas características funcionais, com predominância de organismos unicelulares, com mucilagem e demanda por sílica. A distância espacial fluvial foi o único preditor significativo para a composição taxonômica e funcional das comunidades, não havendo efeitos das variáveis ​​ambientais locais e da paisagem.

Conclusões: Esses resultados indicam que a comunidade é estruturada principalmente pelo efeito de dispersão, com o efeito de massa atuando em pequenas escalas espaciais e a limitação da dispersão entre os riachos mais distantes. Assim, a dinâmica espacial é resultado da capacidade de dispersão dos indivíduos.

Palavras-chave

algas; limitação de dispersão; efeito de massa; metacomunidades

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Submetido em:
07/11/2025

Aceito em:
02/07/2026

Publicado em:
22/09/2026

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